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Facile fabrication of hydrogels for removal of crystal violet from wastewater

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Abstract

Purification of dye-laden water endures to be immensely challenging owing to the occurrence of highly persistent and non-biodegrade dyes, which pose a potential threat to humans, flora, fauna, and environment. The environmental problem was addressed by facile fabrication of poly [(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid-co-acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)] hydrogels cross-linked via sodium borate (SB), graphene oxide (GO) or N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) for elimination of crystal violet (CV) from water. The capability of water uptake was recorded in terms of per cent (%) swelling, which exhibited the attainment of swelling equilibrium in 24 h with corresponding maximum per cent swelling of 2830 for HBR. The sorption capability of the hydrogels was investigated as a function of dosage, contact time, concentration, pH, and temperature. Relative to its other counter parts, the sodium borate cross-linked hydrogels demonstrated highest sorption capability, i.e. 44 mg.g−1 owing to the greater number of available sites. The sorption of CV onto the hydrogels followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models. The process of CV sorption onto the hydrogels was endothermic and spontaneous accompanied with entropy rise after sorption.

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Acknowledgements

L. A. Shah is highly thankful to Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for financial support under research grant no.: NRPU-HEC-7309.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan

    S. Faizan,  Bakhtawara & L. Ali Shah

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  1. S. Faizan
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  2. Bakhtawara
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Correspondence to L. Ali Shah.

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Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia.

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Faizan, S., Bakhtawara & Ali Shah, L. Facile fabrication of hydrogels for removal of crystal violet from wastewater. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 4815–4826 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03454-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03454-4

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