Abstract
Olive oil milling, widely practiced in Mediterranean countries, including Palestine, yields the so-called olive mill waste water (OMWW) or Zebar (Zibar). The waste contains minerals and organic materials (including phenols and polyphenols) which undergo continuous oxidation and cause environmental hazards if not well managed. This work basically aims at purifying surface waters, intentionally pre-contaminated with OMWW organic contaminants. Fate of other mineral ions present in the contaminated water is also investigated. ZnO nanoparticles, deposited as films onto glass reactor bottom (165 cm2 area), are described as catalyst for photodegradation of the organic contaminants, in a continuous flow reaction mode (gravity fed, typically at flow rate 3.5 mL/min). Two types of ZnO materials, namely commercial ZnO onto glass (C–ZnO/Glass) and synthetic ZnO supported onto clay and deposited on glass (Syn–ZnO/Clay/Glass), have been examined. The Syn–ZnO/Clay/Glass catalyst is slightly more efficient in removing organic contaminants (~ 43%), compared to the C–ZnO/Glass (41%) in 30 h. Different reaction parameters have been investigated, such as waste dilution factor, exposure duration, pH and catalyst recovery and reuse.
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Acknowledgement
The work is part of a project in collaboration between Palestine (M.S, M. R., N. Sh. & S.I., R. Ab., H.S.H. and A.Z.) and Netherland Team (W.V. & K. K.) supported by PADUCO (Project # SRP7, 2018). ANU team members acknowledge support from the University. The XRD and SEM measurements were performed by T.W.K. who acknowledges financial support from “the Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2019M1A2A2065618).
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Results are mainly based on I.N. Thesis supervised by H.S.H. and A.Z. Sh.Z. measured TOC. M.H.S.H. participated with original ideas about continuous flow rate, glass support and project design. T.W.K. measured XRD and SEM. The work is part of a project in collaboration between Palestine (M.S, M. R., N. Sh. & S.I., R. Ab., H.S.H. and A.Z.) and Netherland Team (E. V. V. & K. K.) supported by PADUCO.
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Zyoud, A., Nassar, I.M., Salman, M. et al. Nano-ZnO film photocatalysts in bench-scale continuous-flow mineralization of olive mill waste contaminants in water. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 4379–4392 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03291-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03291-5