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Photo-catalytic oxidation of individual and mixture of benzene, toluene and p-xylene

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Abstract

Photo-catalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds [VOCs: benzene, toluene and p-xylene (BTX)] was investigated using a batch reactor having a TiO2 (catalyst)-coated aluminum sheet and a source of UV light (sunlight or UV lamp). To study the photo-oxidation, experiments were conducted under the following configurations: (1) TiO2 (m): microparticle (0.32–3.31 µm) and sunlight (2) TiO2 (n): nanoparticle (0.80–4.70 nm) and sunlight, (3) TiO2 (m) and UV lamp and (4) TiO2 (n) and UV lamp. Degradation of BTX followed first-order decay for individual compounds. The degradation rate constant in min−1 cm−2 (coated surface area) was the highest for configuration (4) (benzene 1.07 × 10−3, toluene 1.36 × 10−3 and p-xylene 2.93 × 10−3) followed by configuration (2), thus indicating the importance of particle size of the catalyst in degradation. Degradation of BTX mixture did not follow first-order decay. Benzene was an intermediate product of oxidation of toluene. Benzene and toluene were intermediate products of oxidation of p-xylene. For degradation of BTX mixture, a mathematical model was proposed to predict concentrations as a function of time. Experimental and model results showed similar trends in BTX degradation. The model accounted for increases in mass of toluene and benzene due to the degradation of p-xylene.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the Glass Blowing Section of IIT Kanpur for making the reactor of desired shape and complexity. Services of Advance Center for Material Science (ACMS) and Nano-science Laboratory of IIT Kanpur for characterization of coating and ball milling of TiO2 to generate micro- and nano-sized particles are acknowledged. We are thankful to Professor Deepak Kunzru of Chemical Engineering for reading the research write-up and providing insight into the modeling.

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  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India

    I. Dhada, P. K. Nagar & M. Sharma

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  1. I. Dhada
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  2. P. K. Nagar
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  3. M. Sharma
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Correspondence to I. Dhada.

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Dhada, I., Nagar, P.K. & Sharma, M. Photo-catalytic oxidation of individual and mixture of benzene, toluene and p-xylene. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13, 39–46 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-015-0783-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-015-0783-4

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