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Development of rutin-rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite for electrochemical detection and photocatalytic removal of 2,4-DCP

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Abstract

We report in this the development of nanocomposite rutin-reduced graphene oxide/titanium oxide (R-rGO/TiO2) through a chemical precipitation method to enhance the electrochemical detection and photocatalytic efficiency of the 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP). The structural and morphological characterization of the as-fabricated nanocomposites were carried out by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, etc. The R-rGO/TiO2 electrochemical sensor was developed for 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and rutin oxidation based on composite altered glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Moreover, R-rGO/TiO2/GCE composite exhibited accomplished electrocatalytic activity towards DCP in the linear range 5–150 μM and a low detection limit of 0.02 μM (S/N = 3). The TiO2 nanomaterial was well embellished on the surface of the graphene sheets, which helps in electron transfer from TiO2 to graphene and hence interruption by recombination method, to the foremost R-rGO/TiO2/GCE enhance the photocatalytic activity. The electrochemically sensed pesticide intermediate 2,4-DCP was the photo-catalytically degraded by the same R-rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite for water remediation. The nanocomposite exhibits higher degradation efficiency on 2,4-DCP when compared with the individual materials. After the degradation, the degraded water was studied for the animal survival study using Artemia salina as the model eco-toxicology model.

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Data availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Abbreviations

R-rGO/TiO2 :

Graphene oxide/titanium oxide

DCP:

2,4-Dichlorophenol

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

FT-IR:

Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

GCE:

Glassy carbon electrode

AS:

Artemia salina

VB:

Valence band

CB:

Conduction band

PBS:

Phosphate buffer solution

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Management and Administration of Karunya University for their support and help. The authors are grateful to Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for their financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (KITS), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, 641-114, Tamil Nadu, India

    Subramanian Ramanathan, Asir Obadiah & Samuel Vasanthkumar

  2. Electroorganic Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India

    Annadurai Thamilselvan

  3. Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, 620017, India

    N. Radhika & I. Sharmila Lydia

  4. Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, India

    D. Padmanabhan

  5. School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People’s Republic of China

    Arulappan Durairaj

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  1. Subramanian Ramanathan
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  2. Annadurai Thamilselvan
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  3. N. Radhika
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  4. D. Padmanabhan
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  7. I. Sharmila Lydia
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  8. Samuel Vasanthkumar
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All authors contributed to discussions and editing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Samuel Vasanthkumar.

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Ramanathan, S., Thamilselvan, A., Radhika, N. et al. Development of rutin-rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite for electrochemical detection and photocatalytic removal of 2,4-DCP. J IRAN CHEM SOC 18, 2457–2472 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-021-02205-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-021-02205-z

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