Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Waste sunn hemp fibres/epoxy composites: mechanical and thermal properties

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Iranian Polymer Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Natural fibres have dominated synthetic fibres in recent years due to their easy availability, biodegradability and cost. In this work, sunn hemp waste fibres (SHF) were utilized to fabricate epoxy-based composites. Raw, 15% alkali-treated and 127% grafted SHF composites were prepared at 10%, 20% and 30% loadings, and their mechanical properties were evaluated. It was observed that at 30% loading for 127% grafted SHF, the values of highest tensile strength of 68.73 MPa, and the strength, impact strength, interlaminar shear strength and microhardness of 128%, 4.6 J, 68.9 MPa and 63%, were obtained in the order given. Chemical resistance was also found to be excellent for 127% grafted SHF at 30% loading. Similarly, the dynamic mechanical analysis indicated an increase in storage and loss moduli for grafted fibre composite and a decrease in tanδ for grafted SHF at 30% loading. Dimensional stability was excellent with respect to grafted 127% SHF composites. Scanning electron microscopy analysis proved superior bonding with grafted SHF composites followed by 15% alkali and raw composites. Vertical burning test showed that the grafted SHF composites with 30% loading took 490 s to completely drip down after burning. Chemical resistance and dimensional stability were also excellent for grafted SHF composites. Dimensional stability deteriorated with the use of benzyl alcohol solvent. Thermogravimetric analysis proved to be excellent for grafted SHF composite with higher loading. The weight loss observed was 71.36% and the weight residue was 18.12%. Void volume decreased at 30% fiber loading in the case of alkali and grafted samples.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Militký J, Jabbar A (2015) Comparative evaluation of fiber treatments on the creep behavior of jute/green epoxy composites. Compos B 80:361–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Neto JSS, Lima RAA, Cavalcanti DKK, Souza JPB, Aguiar RAA, Banea MD (2019) Effect of chemical treatment on the thermal properties of hybrid natural fiber-reinforced composites. J Appl Polym Sci 136:47154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. CodispotimR ODV, Olivito RS, LourençoPB FR (2015) Mechanical performance of natural fiber-reinforced composites for the strengthening of masonry. Compos B 77:74–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Devireddy SBR, Biswas S (2017) Physical and mechanical behavior of unidirectional banana/jute fiber reinforced epoxy-based hybrid composites. Polym Compos 38:1396–1403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Joshi SV, Drzal LT, Mohanty AK, Arora S (2004) Are natural fiber composites environmentally superior to glass fiber reinforced composites. Compos A 35:371–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Morye SS, Wool RP (2005) Mechanical properties of glass/flax hybrid composites based on a novel modified soybean oil matrix material. Polym Compos 26:407–416

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang K, Wang F, Liang W, Wang Z, Duan Z, Yang B (2018) Thermal and mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Polymers 10:608

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Chin SC, Tee KF, Tong FS, Ong HR, Gimbun J (2020) Thermal and mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced composites. Mater Today Commun 23:100876

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Potluri R, Diwakar V, Venkatesh K, Reddy BS (2018) Analytical model application for prediction of mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites. Mater Today Proc 5:5809–5818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Singh JIP, Dhawan V, Singh S, Jangid K (2017) Study of effect of surface treatment on mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites. Mater Today Proc 4:2793–2799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Rajulu AV, Baksh SA, Reddy GR, Chary KN (1998) Chemical resistance and tensile properties of short bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 17:1507–1511

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sarikaya E, Çallioğlu H, Demirel H (2019) Production of epoxy composites reinforced by different natural fibers and their mechanical properties. Compos B 167:461–466

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. SoodM DG (2018) Effect of fiber treatment on flexural properties of natural fiber reinforced composites: a review. Egypt J Pet 27:775–783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Vijayan R, Krishnamoorthy A (2019) Review on natural fiber reinforced composites. Mater Today Proc 16:897–906

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kerni L, Singh S, Patnaik A, Kumar N (2020) A review on natural fiber reinforced composites. Mater Today Proc 28:1616–1621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. CrazS Le, Pethrick RA (2011) Solvent effects on cure 1-benzyl alcohol on epoxy cure. Int J Polym Mater 60:441–445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Deng Y, Islam MS, Tong L (2018) Effects of grafting strength and density on interfacial shear strength of carbon nanotube grafted carbon fibre reinforced composites. Compos Sci Technol 168:195–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Juntaro J, Pommet M, Mantalaris A, Shaffer M, Bismarck A (2007) Nanocellulose enhanced interfaces in truly green unidirectional fibre reinforced composites. Compos Interfaces 14:753–762

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Khalid MY, Arif ZU, Sheikh MF (2021) Mechanical characterization of glass and jute fiber-based hybrid composites fabricated through compression molding technique. Int J Mater Form 14:1085–1095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Jawaid M, Khalil HA, Bakar AA (2011) Woven hybrid composites: tensile and flexural properties of oil palm-woven jute fibres based epoxy composites. Mater Sci Eng A 528:5190–5195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Khalil HA, Jawaid M, Hassan A, Paridah MT, Zaidon A (2012). In: Hu N (ed) Composites and their applications. In Tech, Croatia

    Google Scholar 

  22. Brahmakumar M, PavithranC PRM (2005) Coconut fibre reinforced polyethylene composites: effect of natural waxy surface layer of the fibre on fibre/matrix interfacial bonding and strength of composites. Compos Sci Technol 65:563–569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. SreekalaMS KMG, Joseph S, Jacob M, Thomas S (2000) Oil palm fibre reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites: influence of fibre surface modifications on the mechanical performance. Appl Compos Mater 7:295–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. GuigonM KE (1994) The interface and interphase in carbon fibre-reinforced composites. Composites 25:534–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Tanaka K, Nishikawa T, AotoK KT (2019) Effect of carbon nanotube deposition time to the surface of carbon fibres on flexural strength of resistance welded carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics using carbon nanotube grafted carbon fibre as heating element. J Compos Sci 3:9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Da Costa CV, Santos SF, Mármol G, da Silva Curvelo AA, Savastano H Jr (2014) Potential of bamboo organosolv pulp as a reinforcing element in fiber–cement materials. Constr Build Mater 72:65–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Joseph S, Koshy P, Thomas S (2005) The role of interfacial interactions on the mechanical properties of banana fibre reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites. Compos Interfaces 12(6):581–600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Li R, Ye L, Mai YW (1997) Application of plasma technologies in fibre-reinforced polymer composites: a review of recent developments. Compos A 28:73–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Jadhav AC, Jadhav NC (2021) Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate on Meizotropis Pellita fibres and their applications in oil absorbency. Iran Polym J 30:9–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jadhav AC, Jadhav NC (2021) Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate on Abelmoschus manihot fibres and their application in oil absorbency. Polym Bull 78:3913–3941

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. WuC CZ, Wang F, Hu Y, Wang E, Rao Z, Zhang X (2019) Mechanical and drilling properties of graphene oxide modified urea-melamine-phenol formaldehyde composites reinforced by glass fiber. Compos B 162:378–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Swamy RP, Kumar GM, Vrushabhendrappa Y, Joseph V (2004) Study of areca-reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 23:1373–1382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wei C, Zeng M, Xiong X, Liu H, Luo K, Liu T (2015) Friction properties of sisal fiber/nano-silica reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites. Polym Compos 36:433–438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kumar GM (2008) A study of short areca fiber reinforced PF composites. Proc World Congr Eng 2:2–4

    Google Scholar 

  35. Codispoti R, Oliveira DV, Olivito RS, Lourenço PB, Fangueiro R (2015) Mechanical performance of natural fiber-reinforced composites for the strengthening of masonry. Compos B 77:74–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bharath KN, Basavarajappa S (2014) Flammability characteristics of chemical treated woven natural fabric reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites. Proc Mater Sci 5:1880–1886

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. MilitkýJ JA (2015) Comparative evaluation of fiber treatments on the creep behavior of jute/green epoxy composites. Compos B 80:361–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sathyamoorthy G, Vijay R, Singaravelu DL (2021) Development and characterization of alkali-treated and untreated Dactyloctenium aegyptium fibers-based epoxy composites. Mater Today Proc 39:1215–1220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ismail NF, Mohd Radzuan NA, Sulong AB, Muhamad N, Che Haron CH (2021) The effect of alkali treatment on physical, mechanical and thermal properties of kenaf fiber and polymer epoxy composites. Polymers 13:2005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Reddy KO, Maheswari CU, Shukla M, Song JI, Rajulu AV (2013) Tensile and structural characterization of alkali treated Borassus fruit fine fibers. Compos B 44:433–438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Wadgaonkar KK, Mehta LB, Bamane PB, Pon Kumar R, Jagtap RN (2018) Effect of carbonized watermelon rind powder on the mechanical and thermal properties of unsaturated polyester composites: a special insight to chemical resistance and value addition. Adv Polym Technol 37:3421–3431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge UGC-BSR for their funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fibres and Textile Processing Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal parekh marg Matunga, Maharashtra , 400019, Mumbai, India

    Akshay C. Jadhav & Nilesh C. Jadhav

Authors
  1. Akshay C. Jadhav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nilesh C. Jadhav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

ACJ carried the experiments, and NCJ helped in editing the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nilesh C. Jadhav.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 22 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jadhav, A.C., Jadhav, N.C. Waste sunn hemp fibres/epoxy composites: mechanical and thermal properties. Iran Polym J 31, 821–833 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-022-01034-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-022-01034-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation