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Synthesis and regulation mechanism of bio-oil–glucose phenolic resin using furfural as cross-linking agent

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Abstract

Biobased polymers have become one of the substitutes of petro-products, which can address the issue of fossil resource shortage and environmental pollution. In this work, bio-oil–formaldehyde–glucose (BFG) resins were prepared via a three-step method, in which furfural as cross-linking agent was loading via phenolation, hydroxymethylation and copolymerization, respectively. The effect of glucose content and furfural loading time on the performance of BFG resins had been studied in detail. Thermal stability of BFG resins was analyzed by simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA). The chemical structure of the BFG resins was characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques. BFG resin with furfural loading via phenolation step (named BFG_P) was synthesis, which the total substitution rate of petro-chemicals by biobased raw materials for phenolic resin was reached 95.28%. The dry strength of BFG_P was 1.76 MPa. The results showed that furfural and bio-oil were benefited to the thermal stability of the BFG resins in the first and second stages. The mechanism of furfural regulating the dry strength of the BFG resins may be close to the number of cross-linking units, whose order was arranged as phenolation > hydroxymethylation > copolymerization. Our results suggested that BFG resins have a good future in the field of wood adhesives.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partly supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 21763019), the Science and Technology Project of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province (GJJ161238) and the Doctoral Research Start-up Funding of Nanchang Normal University (NSBSJJ2019003 and NSBSJJ2019005).

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, 330000, China

    Yanyan Cheng & Guanghui Sui

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  1. Yanyan Cheng
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  2. Guanghui Sui
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Correspondence to Guanghui Sui.

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Cheng, Y., Sui, G. Synthesis and regulation mechanism of bio-oil–glucose phenolic resin using furfural as cross-linking agent. Iran Polym J 31, 619–628 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-022-01022-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-022-01022-2

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