Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Protein nanoparticles as natural drugs carriers for cancer therapy

  • Review
  • Published:
Advances in Traditional Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nanoscale drug carriers are useful in improving the bioavilability, targeting delivery, and controlling the release of the loaded drug. Polymers from natural sources possess favourable properties such as adaptability and safety for usage as nanosized drug delivery carriers and as substitutes of synthetic polymers. The use of a biomaterial imparts special biopharmaceutical characteristics to the formulation and changes the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of the entrapped medication. Proteins appear as promising raw materials in this approach because of their extensive availability from renewable sources, low cost, and ability to be chemically modified, ligand conjugation and degraded into harmless by-products. Furthermore, protein nanocarriers have several benefits, including high drug-binding capability and specific tumour targeting using different ligands. This review discusses the properties of different protein biopolymers such as albumin, gelatin, zein, gliadin, casein, collagen, elastin and whey protein. The study focuses on the most relevant applications of the protein nanoparticles loading agents with antitumeric effect. Furthermore, the review summarises the primary findings of tumour-targeted protein nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abd-algaleel SA, Metwally AA, Abdel-Bar HA, Kassem DH, Hathout RM (2021) Synchronizing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies for the successful nose to brain delivery of an anticancer molecule. Mol Pharm 18:3763–3776

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abdelrady H, Hathout RM, Osman R, Saleem I, Mortada ND (2019) Exploiting gelatin nanocarriers in the pulmonary delivery of methotrexate for lung cancer therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 133:115–126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Wahhab MA, Hassan MA, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Azeim SH, Hassan NS, Jaswir I, Salleh HM (2021) Zinc loaded whey protein nanoparticles mitigate the oxidative stress and modulate antioxidative gene expression in testicular tissues in rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 61:102322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albulet D, Florea DA, Boarca B, Ditu LM, Chifiriuc MC, Grumezescu AM, Andronescu E (2017) Chapter 1–nanotechnology for personalized medicine: cancer research, diagnosis, and therapy. Elsevier, Nanostructures for Cancer Therapy. A. Ficai and A. M. Grumezescu, pp 1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Amjadi S, Hamishehkar H, Ghorbani M (2019) A novel smart PEGylated gelatin nanoparticle for co-delivery of doxorubicin and betanin: a strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. Mater Sci Eng, C 97:833–841

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barick KC, Tripathi A, Dutta B, Shelar SB, Hassan PA (2021) Curcumin encapsulated casein nanoparticles: enhanced bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. J Pharm Sci 110(5):2114–2120

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baskar G, Supria Sree N (2020) Anticancer activity of gelatin-asparaginase nanobiocomposite against cervical and brain cancer cell lines. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 57:101689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bidwell GL, Davis AN, Fokt I, Priebe W, Raucher D (2007) A thermally targeted elastin-like polypeptide-doxorubicin conjugate overcomes drug resistance. Invest New Drugs 25(4):313–326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bindhya KP, Uma Maheswari P, Meera Sheriffa Begum KM (2021) Milk protein inspired multifunctional magnetic carrier targeting progesterone receptors: improved anticancer potential of soybean-derived genistein against breast and ovarian cancers. Mater Chem Phys 272:125055

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen S, Ma Y, Dai L, Liao W, Zhang L, Liu J, Gao Y (2021) "Fabrication, characterization, stability and re-dispersibility of curcumin-loaded gliadin-rhamnolipid composite nanoparticles using pH-driven method." Food Hydrocoll: 106758.

  • Cragg GM, Pezzuto JM (2016) Natural products as a vital source for the discovery of cancer chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents. Med Princ Pract 25(Suppl. 2):41–59

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dai W, Ruan C, Sun Y, Gao X, Liang J (2020) Controlled release and antioxidant activity of chitosan and β-lactoglobulin complex nanoparticles loaded with epigallocatechin gallate. Colloids Surf, B 188:110802

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • da Tavares W, Pena GR, Martin-Pastor M, de Sousa FF (2021) Design and characterization of ellagic acid-loaded zein nanoparticles and their effect on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities. J Mol Liq 341, 116915.

  • de Martel C, Georges D, Bray F, Ferlay J, Clifford GM (2020) Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Glob Health 8(2):e180–e190

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Oliveira Júnior RG, Christiane Adrielly AF, da Silva Almeida JRG, Grougnet R, Thiéry V, Picot L (2018) Sensitization of tumor cells to chemotherapy by natural products: a systematic review of preclinical data and molecular mechanisms. Fitoterapia 129:383–400

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dong F, Dong X, Zhou L, Xiao H, Ho P-Y, Wong M-S, Wang Y (2016) Doxorubicin-loaded biodegradable self-assembly zein nanoparticle and its anti-cancer effect: preparation, in vitro evaluation, and cellular uptake. Colloids Surf, B 140:324–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elbialy NS, Mohamed N (2020) Alginate-coated caseinate nanoparticles for doxorubicin delivery: preparation, characterisation, and in vivo assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 154:114–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El-Marakby EM, Hathout RM, Taha I, Mansour S, Mortada ND (2017) A novel serum-stable liver targeted cytotoxic system using valerate-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles surface decorated with glycyrrhizin. Int J Pharm 525:123–138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ElMasry SR, Hathout RM, Abdel-Halim M, Mansour S (2018) In Vitro transdermal delivery of sesamol using oleic acid chemically-modified gelatin nanoparticles as a potential breast cancer medication. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 48:30–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engelbrecht, TN, Schroeter A, Hauß T, Neubert RH (2011) Lipophilic penetration enhancers and their impact to the bilayer structure of stratum corneum lipid model membranes: neutron diffraction studies based on the example oleic acid." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes 1808(12): 2798–2806

  • Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Bray F (2021) Cancer statistics for the year 2020: an overview. Int J Cancer

  • Gagliardi A, Paolino D, Costa N, Fresta M, Cosco D (2021) Zein- vs PLGA-based nanoparticles containing rutin: a comparative investigation. Mater Sci Eng, C 118:111538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gandhi S, Roy I (2019) Doxorubicin-loaded casein nanoparticles for drug delivery: preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 121:6–12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh P, Roy AS, Chaudhury S, Jana SK, Chaudhury K, Dasgupta S (2016) Preparation of albumin based nanoparticles for delivery of fisetin and evaluation of its cytotoxic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 86:408–417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gianazza E, Viglienghi V, Righetti PG, Salamini F, Soave C (1977) Amino acid composition of zein molecular components. Phytochemistry 16(3):315–317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gulfam M, Kim J-E, Lee JM, Ku B, Chung BH, Chung BG (2012) Anticancer drug-loaded gliadin nanoparticles induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Langmuir 28(21):8216–8223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AK, Gupta M, Yarwood SJ, Curtis ASG (2004) Effect of cellular uptake of gelatin nanoparticles on adhesion, morphology and cytoskeleton organisation of human fibroblasts. J Control Release 95(2):197–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan EA, Hathout RM, Gad HA, Sammour OA (2022) Multi-purpose zein nanoparticles for battling hepatocellular carcinoma: a green approach. Eur Polymer J 176:111396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hathout RM, Metwally AA (2019) Gelatin nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2000:71–78

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hathout RM, El-Ahmady SH, Metwally AA (2018) Curcumin or bisdemethoxycurcumin for nose-to-brain treatment of Alzheimer disease? A bio/chemo-informatics case study. Nat Prod Res 32:2873–2881

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hathout RM, Gad HA, Abdel-Hafez SM, Nasser N, Khalil N, Ateyya T, Amr A, Yasser N, Nasr S, Metwally AA (2019) Gelatinized core liposomes: a new Trojan horse for the development of a novel timolol maleate glaucoma medication. Int J Pharm 556:192–199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hathout RM, Abdelhamid SG, Metwally AA (2020a) Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for combating COVID-19: investigating efficacy and hypothesizing new formulations using Bio/chemoinformatics tools. Inform Med Unlocked 21:100446

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hathout RM, Metwally AA, Woodman TJ, Hardy JG (2020b) Prediction of drug loading in the gelatin matrix using computational methods. ACS Omega 5:1549–1556

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hathout RM, Abdelhamid SG, El-Housseiny GS, Metwally AA (2020c) Comparing cefotaxime and ceftriaxone in combating meningitis through nose-to-brain delivery using bio/chemoinformatics tools. Sci Rep 10:21250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hill M, Cunningham RN, Hathout RM, Johnston C, Hardy JG, Migaud ME (2019) Formulation of antimicrobial tobramycin loaded PLGA nanoparticles via complexation with AOT. J Funct Biomater 10:26

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huang X, Huang X, Gong Y, Xiao H, McClements DJ, Hu K (2016) Enhancement of curcumin water dispersibility and antioxidant activity using core–shell protein–polysaccharide nanoparticles. Food Res Int 87:1–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang X, Liu Y, Zou Y, Liang X, Peng Y, McClements DJ, Hu K (2019) Encapsulation of resveratrol in zein/pectin core-shell nanoparticles: stability, bioaccessibility, and antioxidant capacity after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Hydrocoll 93:261–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hynes RO (1987) Integrins: a family of cell surface receptors. Cell 48(4):549–554

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain A, Sharma G, Ghoshal G, Kesharwani P, Singh B, Shivhare US, Katare OP (2018) Lycopene loaded whey protein isolate nanoparticles: an innovative endeavor for enhanced bioavailability of lycopene and anti-cancer activity. Int J Pharm 546(1):97–105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katnoria JK, Kaur A, Bakshi A, Nagpal AK (2020) Cancer chemoprevention by natural plant products and their derivatives: clinical trials. Springer, Pharmacotherapeutic Botanicals for Cancer Chemoprevention, pp 325–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirtonia A, Sethi G, Garg M (2020) The multifaceted role of reactive oxygen species in tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 77(22):4459–4483

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang X, Cao K, Li W, Li X, McClements DJ, Hu K (2021) Tannic acid-fortified zein-pectin nanoparticles: stability, properties, antioxidant activity, and in vitro digestion. Food Res Int 145:110425

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loureiro dos Santos LA (2017) Natural polymeric biomaterials: processing and properties☆. Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, Elsevier.

  • Majeed S, Aripin FHB, Shoeb NSB, Danish M, Ibrahim MNM, Hashim R (2019) Bioengineered silver nanoparticles capped with bovine serum albumin and its anticancer and apoptotic activity against breast, bone and intestinal colon cancer cell lines. Mater Sci Eng, C 102:254–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mantovani RA, de Figueiredo Furtado G, Netto FM, Cunha RL (2018) Assessing the potential of whey protein fibril as emulsifier. J Food Eng 223:99–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maya-Cano DA, Arango-Varela S, Santa-Gonzalez GA (2021) Phenolic compounds of blueberries (Vaccinium spp) as a protective strategy against skin cell damage induced by ROS: a review of antioxidant potential and antiproliferative capacity. Heliyon 7(2):e06297

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mehanny M, Hathout RM, Geneidi AS, Mansour S (2016) Exploring the use of nanocarrier systems to deliver the magical molecule; curcumin and its derivatives. J Control Release 225:1–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meng R, Wu Z, Xie Q-T, Cheng J-S, Zhang B (2021) Preparation and characterization of zein/carboxymethyl dextrin nanoparticles to encapsulate curcumin: physicochemical stability, antioxidant activity and controlled release properties. Food Chem 340:127893

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadian M, Madadlou A (2016) Cold-set hydrogels made of whey protein nanofibrils with different divalent cations. Int J Biol Macromol 89:499–506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadian M, Salami M, Momen S, Alavi F, Emam-Djomeh Z, Moosavi-Movahedi AA (2019) Enhancing the aqueous solubility of curcumin at acidic condition through the complexation with whey protein nanofibrils. Food Hydrocolloids 87:902–914

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montero G, Arriagada F, Günther G, Bollo S, Mura F, Berríos E, Morales J (2019) Phytoestrogen coumestrol: Antioxidant capacity and its loading in albumin nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 562:86–95

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morán MC, Carazo J, Busquets MA (2018) Dual responsive gelatin-based nanoparticles for enhanced 5-fluorouracil efficiency. Colloids Surf, B 172:646–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nejat H, Rabiee M, Varshochian R, Tahriri M, Jazayeri HE, Rajadas J, Ye H, Cui Z, Tayebi L (2017) Preparation and characterization of cardamom extract-loaded gelatin nanoparticles as effective targeted drug delivery system to treat glioblastoma. React Funct Polym 120:46–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ongpipattanakul B, Burnette RR, Potts RO, Francoeur ML (1991) Evidence that oleic acid exists in a separate phase within stratum corneum lipids. Pharm Res 8(3):350–354

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ossama M, Hathout RM, Attia DA, Mortada ND (2021) Augmented cytotoxicity using the physical adsorption of Poloxamer 188 on allicin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles. J Pharm Pharmacol 73(5):664–672

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park C, Baek N, Loebenberg R, Lee B-J (2020) Importance of the fatty acid chain length on in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of fattigation-platform albumin nanoparticles in human colorectal cancer xenograft mice model. J Control Release 324:55–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peela N, Truong D, Saini H, Chu H, Mashaghi S, Ham SL, Singh S, Tavana H, Mosadegh B, Nikkhah M (2017) Advanced biomaterials and microengineering technologies to recapitulate the stepwise process of cancer metastasis. Biomaterials 133:176–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prausnitz MR, Mitragotri S, Langer R (2004) Current status and future potential of transdermal drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3(2):115–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Safwat S, Ishak RA, Hathout RM, Mortada ND (2017) Statins anticancer targeted delivery systems: re-purposing an old molecule. J Pharm Pharmacol 69:613–624

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarmiento-Salinas FL, Perez-Gonzalez A, Acosta-Casique A, Ix-Ballote A, Diaz A, Treviño S, Rosas-Murrieta NH, Millán-Perez-Peña L, Maycotte P (2021) Reactive oxygen species: role in carcinogenesis, cancer cell signaling and tumor progression. Life Sci 284:119942

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, SAA, Firlak M, Berrow SR, Halcovitch NR, Baldock SJ, Yousafzai BM, Hathout RM, Hardy JG (2018) Electrochemically enhanced drug delivery using polypyrrole films. Materials (Basel), 11.

  • Shinde P, Agraval H, Singh A, Yadav UCS, Kumar U (2019) Synthesis of luteolin loaded zein nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy improving bioavailability and efficacy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 52:369–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinde P, Agraval H, Srivastav AK, Yadav UC, Kumar U (2020) Physico-chemical characterization of carvacrol loaded zein nanoparticles for enhanced anticancer activity and investigation of molecular interactions between them by molecular docking. Int J Pharm 588:119795

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Bajpai J, Bajpai AK, Mongre RK, Lee M-S (2020) Encapsulation of cytarabine into casein coated iron oxide nanoparticles (CCIONPs) and study of in vitro drug release and anticancer activities. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 55:101396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Xu J, Mattheolabakis G, Amiji M (2016) EGFR-targeted gelatin nanoparticles for systemic administration of gemcitabine in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer model. Nanomed: Nanotechnol, Biol Med 12(3), 589–600

  • Stromberg ZR, Lisa Phipps M, Magurudeniya HD, Pedersen CA, Rajale T, Sheehan CJ, Courtney SJ, Bradfute SB, Hraber P, Rush MN, Kubicek-Sutherland JZ, Martinez JS (2021) Formulation of stabilizer-free, nontoxic PLGA and elastin-PLGA nanoparticle delivery systems. Int J Pharm 597:120340

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer J Clin 71(3), 209–249.

  • Thapa RK, Nguyen, HT Jeong J-H, Shin BS, Ku SK, Choi H-G, Yong CS, Kim JO (2017) Synergistic anticancer activity of combined histone deacetylase and proteasomal inhibitor-loaded zein nanoparticles in metastatic prostate cancers. Nanomed: Nanotechnol, Biol Med, 13(3) 885–896

  • Vallejo R, Gonzalez-Valdivieso J, Santos M, Rodriguez-Rojo S, Arias FJ (2021) Production of elastin-like recombinamer-based nanoparticles for docetaxel encapsulation and use as smart drug-delivery systems using a supercritical anti-solvent process. J Ind Eng Chem 93:361–374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vijayakumar TS, Mahboob S, Bupesh G, Vasanth S, Al-Ghanim KA, Al-Misned F, Govindarajan M (2020) Facile synthesis and biophysical characterization of egg albumen-wrapped zinc oxide nanoparticles: a potential drug delivery vehicles for anticancer therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 60:102015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu W, Kong X, Zhang C, Hua Y, Chen Y, Li X (2020) Fabrication and characterization of resveratrol-loaded gliadin nanoparticles stabilized by gum Arabic and chitosan hydrochloride. LWT 129:109532

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao J, Nian S, Huang Q (2015) Assembly of kafirin/carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles to enhance the cellular uptake of curcumin. Food Hydrocoll 51:166–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang S, Liu L, Chen H, Wei Y, Dai L, Liu J, Yuan F, Mao L, Li Z, Chen F, Gao Y (2021) Impact of different crosslinking agents on functional properties of curcumin-loaded gliadin-chitosan composite nanoparticles. Food Hydrocoll 112:106258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin X, Fu X, Cheng H, Liang L (2020) α-Tocopherol and naringenin in whey protein isolate particles: partition, antioxidant activity, stability and bioaccessibility. Food Hydrocoll 106:105895

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeien J, Qiu W, Triay M, Dhaibar HA, Cruz-Topete D, Cornett EM, Urits I, Viswanath O, Kaye AD (2022) Clinical implications of chemotherapeutic agent organ toxicity on perioperative care. Biomed Pharmacother 146:112503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Song Y, Eldi P, Guo X, Hayball JD, Garg S, Albrecht H (2018) Targeting prostate cancer cells with hybrid elastin-like polypeptide/liposome nanoparticles. Int J Nanomed 13:293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Zhang F, Fang Y, Wang S (2019) Alginate-shelled SPI nanoparticle for encapsulation of resveratrol with enhanced colloidal and chemical stability. Food Hydrocoll 90:313–320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou K, Zhu Y, Chen X, Li L, Xu W (2020) Redox- and MMP-2-sensitive drug delivery nanoparticles based on gelatin and albumin for tumor targeted delivery of paclitaxel. Mater Sci Eng, C 114:111006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zou Y, Qian Y, Rong X, Cao K, McClements DJ, Hu K (2021) Encapsulation of quercetin in biopolymer-coated zein nanoparticles: formation, stability, antioxidant capacity, and bioaccessibility. Food Hydrocolloids 120:106980

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt

    Sara Zaher

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Unity Organization Street, Abbasseya, Cairo, 11566, Egypt

    Mahmoud E. Soliman & Rania M. Hathout

  3. Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt

    Mahmoud E. Soliman

  4. School of Biotechnology and Science Academy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt

    Mahmoud Elsabahy

Authors
  1. Sara Zaher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mahmoud E. Soliman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mahmoud Elsabahy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rania M. Hathout
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rania M. Hathout.

Ethics declarations

Ethical statement

This article does not contain any studies involving animals performed by any of the authors. This article does not contain any studies involving human participants performed by any of the authors.

Funding

There was no funding obtained for this articles.

Conflict of interest

Sara Zaher has no conflict of interest. Mahmoud E. Soliman has no conflict of interest. Mahmoud Elsabahy has no conflict of interest. Rania M. Hathout has no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zaher, S., Soliman, M.E., Elsabahy, M. et al. Protein nanoparticles as natural drugs carriers for cancer therapy. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 23, 1035–1064 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-022-00668-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-022-00668-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation