Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is a prevailing chronic inflammatory respiratory disorder that affects 10–30% of the population globally. Channa striatus (Channa) is a snakehead, freshwater fish that has been used traditionally to enhance wound healing and relief post-operative pain. This study evaluates the efficacy of oral Channa extract on allergic rhinitis subjects on total nasal symptom score and serum immunoglobulin E (Ig E). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted by comparing the oral Channa extract 500 mg/day and placebo among allergic rhinitis subjects for a 6-week intervention period. Subjects aged 18–50 years old, diagnosed with allergic rhinitis based on total symptoms score, naso-endoscopy findings, and positive skin prick test were included in this trial. All subjects were treated with antihistamine (levocetrizine) and local corticosteroid nasal spray (fluticasone furoate nasal spray). Laboratory-based blood tests were used as safety measures. A total of 70 subjects were randomized. Channa group showed significant improvement in nasal blockage (p < 0.05), nasal itchiness (p < 0.05), eye itchiness (p < 0.05) and general symptoms (p < 0.05) compared to the placebo groups. Serum Ig E were significantly lowered in Channa group compared to placebo (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of nasal discharge, sneezing, palate itchiness, and smell score. No serious adverse events were reported. In conclusion, Channa has a beneficial role in improving nasal symptoms and reduction in serum Ig E in allergic rhinitis subjects.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ab Wahab SZ et al (2015) The effect of Channa striatus (Haruan) extract on pain and wound healing of post-lower segment caesarean section women. Evid Based Complement Altern Med eCAM 2015:849647. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/849647
Abedi S, Far FE, Hussain MK, Ahmad Z, Jais AMM (2012) Effects of Haruan (Channa striatus) based cream on acute inflammation in croton oil induced mice ear edema model research. J Biol Sci 7:181–187
Abu Bakar MR et al (2015) randomized controlled trial on the effect of Channa striatus extract on measurement of the uterus, pulsatility index, resistive index of uterine artery and superficial skin wound artery in post lower segment caesarean section women. PLOS ONE 10:e0133514. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133514
Ali Khan MS, Mat Jais AM, Hussain J, Siddiqua F, Gopala Reddy A, Shivakumar P, Madhuri D (2014) Gastroprotective effect of freeze dried stripped snakehead fish (Channa striata Bloch.) aqueous extract against aspirin induced ulcerogenesis in pylorus ligated rats. ISRN Pharmacol 2014:327606. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/327606
Allan K, Kelly FJ, Devereux G (2010) Antioxidants and allergic disease: a case of too little or too much? Clin Exp Allergy 40:370–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03413.x
Al-Saffar FJ, Ganabadi S, Fakurazi S (2011) Response of Channa striatus extract against monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis in rats. J Anim Vet Adv 10:460–469
Anandan C, Nurmatov U, Sheikh A (2009) Omega 3 and 6 oils for primary prevention of allergic disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy 64:840–848. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02042.x
Azidah AK et al (2017) A randomized, double-blind study comparing multiple doses of Channa striatus supplementation for knee osteoarthritis. Orient Pharm Exp Med 17:345–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-017-0293-7
Baie SH, Sheikh KA (2000) The wound healing properties of Channa striatus-cetrimide cream-wound contraction and glycosaminoglycan measurement. J Ethnopharmacol 73:15–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00253-1
Bielory L (2018) Complementary and alternative medicine in allergy-immunology: more information is needed. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 6:99–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.09.024
Blaiss MS, Hammerby E, Robinson S, Kennedy-Martin T, Buchs S (2018) The burden of allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis on adolescents: a literature review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 121(43–52):e43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.03.028
Bousquet J et al (2008) Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008. Allergy 63(86):8–160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x
Broide DH (2010) Allergic rhinitis: pathophysiology. Allergy Asthma Proc 31:370–374. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2010.31.3388
Calder PC (2013) Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology? Br J Clin Pharmacol 75:645–662. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04374.x
Curin M, Khaitov M, Karaulov A, Namazova-Baranova L, Campana R, Garib V, Valenta R (2018) Next-generation of allergen-specific immunotherapies: molecular approaches. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 18:39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-018-0790-x
Dahlan-Daud CK, Jais AM, Ahmad Z, Akim AM, Adam A (2010) Amino and fatty acid compositions in Haruan traditional extract (HTE). Bol Latinoam Caribe Plant Med Aromat 9:414–429
Dunstan JA, Mori TA, Barden A, Beilin LJ, Taylor AL, Holt PG, Prescott SL (2003) Fish oil supplementation in pregnancy modifies neonatal allergen-specific immune responses and clinical outcomes in infants at high risk of atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 112:1178–1184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2003.09.009
Dupont WD, Plummer WD (1997) PS power and sample size program available for free on the Internet. Control Clin Trials 18:274
Frew AJ (2018) 91—Immunotherapy of allergic disease. In: Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Shearer WT, Schroeder HW, Frew AJ, Weyand CM (eds) Clinical immunology, 5th edn. Content repository only!. Elsevier, London, pp 1227–1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-6896-6.00091-0
Ganesh V, Banigo A, McMurran AEL, Shakeel M, Ram B (2017) Does intranasal steroid spray technique affect side effects and compliance? Results of a patient survey. J Laryngol Otol 131:991–996. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215117002080
Gunaratne AW, Makrides M, Collins CT (2015) Maternal prenatal and/or postnatal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation for preventing allergies in early childhood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010085.pub2
Hamilton RG (2018) 95—Assessment of human allergic diseases. In: Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Shearer WT, Schroeder HW, Frew AJ, Weyand CM (eds) Clinical immunology, 5th edn. Content repository only!. Elsevier, London, pp 1283–1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-6896-6.00095-8
Haniffa MAK, Sheela PAJ, Kavitha K, Jais AMM (2014) Salutary value of Haruan, the striped snakehead Channa striatus—a review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4:S8–S15
Hibbeln JR, Davis JM, Steer C, Emmett P, Rogers I, Williams C, Golding J (2007) Maternal seafood consumption in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood (ALSPAC study): an observational cohort study. Lancet 369:578–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60277-3
Jiang X-D, Li G-Y, Sha J-C, Zhu X-W, Meng C-D, Z Dong, Zhu D-D (2010) [Correlation analysis of two serum specific IgE test systems and skin prick test in allergic rhinitis patients]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 45:652–655
Kadir AA, Wahab SZA, Zulkifli MM, Nor NM, Baie S, Haron J (2014) The therapeutic effect of the oral Channa striatus extract on primary knee osteoarthritis patients. Agro Food Ind Hi Tech 25:44–48
Kern J, Bielory L (2014) Complementary and alternative therapy (CAM) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 14:479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-014-0479-8
Khan DA (2014) Allergic rhinitis and asthma: epidemiology and common pathophysiology. Allergy Asthma Proc 35:357–361. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2014.35.3794
Kramer MF, Ostertag P, Pfrogner E, Rasp G (2000) Nasal interleukin-5, immunoglobulin e, eosinophilic cationic protein, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and nasal polyposis. Laryngoscope 110:1056–1062. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200006000-00031
Matsumoto M et al (2018) Associations of current wheeze and body mass index with perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis in young adults. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 176:143–149
Mohamed N, Hamdan MR, Salleh SNM, bin Bai S (2014) Effect of freeze drying and spray drying processes to amino acids and fatty acids contents in Haruan (Channa striatus) extract. Int J Drug Deliv 6:301–304
Paliliewu N, Datau EA, Matheos JC, Surachmanto EE (2013) Channa striatus capsules induces cytokine conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. J Exp Integr Med 3:237–242
Paloma C et al (2018) Local allergic rhinitis: implications for management. Clin Exp Allergy. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.13192
Qi S et al (2016) Early intervention improves clinical responses to house dust mite immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 171:234–240
Radzak HA et al (2014) Total phenolic content, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activities of aqueous extract of Channa striatus (Haruan). IOSR J Nurs Health Sci (IOSR JNHS) 3:52–59
Rahayu P, Marcelline F, Sulistyaningrum E, Suhartono MT, Tjandrawinata RR (2016) Potential effect of striatin (DLBS0333), a bioactive protein fraction isolated from Channa striata for wound treatment. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 6:1001–1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.10.008
Rajakulasingam RK, Farah N, Huber PAJ, Durham SR, Clark AT, Nasser SM, Krishna MT (2018) Practice and safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis in the UK national health service: a report of “real world” clinical practice. Clin Exp Allergy 48:89–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.13052
Scadding GK et al (2017) BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis (revised edition 2017; first edition 2007). Clin Exp Allergy 47:856–889. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.12953
Seidman MD et al (2015) Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 152:S1–S43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599814561600
Thien FCK, De Luca S, Woods RK, Abramson MJ (2011) Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001283
Yamamoto K, Kawamura I, Tominaga T, Nomura T, Ito J, Mitsuyama M (2006) Listeriolysin O derived from Listeria monocytogenes inhibits the effector phase of an experimental allergic rhinitis induced by ovalbumin in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 144:475–484. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03092.x
Yang S-H, Yu C-L, Chen Y-L, Chiao S-L, Chen M-L (2010) Traditional Chinese medicine Xin-yi-san, reduces nasal symptoms of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis by its diverse immunomodulatory effects. Int Immunopharmacol 10:951–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2010.05.008
Yu QN et al (2018) Increased group 2 innate lymphoid cells are correlated with eosinophilic granulocytes in patients with allergic airway inflammation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 176:124–132
Zheng M et al (2015) Prevalence of allergic rhinitis among adults in urban and rural areas of China: a population-based cross-sectional survey. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 7:148–157
Zuraini A et al (2006) Fatty acid and amino acid composition of three local Malaysian Channa spp. fish. Food Chem 97:674–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.031
Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge the late Prof. Saringat Baie from Universiti Sains Malaysia for his contributions to the study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical statement
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference Number: 00007718, IRB No: 00004494), Universiti Sains Malaysia and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.
Conflict of interest
This manuscript described has not been published before; not under consideration for publication anywhere else; and has been approved by all co-authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Susibalan, B.D., Abdullah, B., Mat Lazim, N. et al. Efficacy of snakehead fish (Channa striatus) in subjects with allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. Orient Pharm Exp Med 18, 209–215 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-018-0327-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-018-0327-9