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Autophagy and apoptosis: regulatory factors of chondrocyte phenotype transition in osteoarthritis

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Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main pathogenic factor in diseases that cause joint deformities. As the main manifestation of the progress of OA, cartilage degradation has been closely associated with the degeneration of chondrocytes, which is induced by inflammatory factors and other trauma factors. Autophagy and apoptosis are the main mechanisms for cells to maintain homeostasis and play crucial roles in OA. Under the influence of external environmental factors (such as aging and injury), the metabolism of cells can be altered, which may affect the extent of autophagy and apoptosis. With the progression of OA, these changes can alter the cell phenotypes, and the cells of different phenotypes display distinct differences in morphology and function. In this review, we have summarized the alteration in cell metabolism, autophagy, and the extent of apoptosis during OA progression and its effects on the cell phenotypes to provide new ideas for further research on the mechanisms of phenotypic transition and therapeutic strategies so as to reverse the cell phenotypes.

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The authors confirmed that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. Any requests for data can be sent to Prof. Mao Nie (Email: 302218@cqmu.edu.cn).

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Acknowledgements

Mao Nie was supported by the Kuanren Talents Program of the second affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University.

Funding

This paper was supported by grants from the Chongqing medical scientific research project (Joint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau, 2023MSXM141) and the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing [No. cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0806, Ting Wang].

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  1. Center for Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

    Zhibo Liu, Ting Wang, Xianding Sun & Mao Nie

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  1. Zhibo Liu
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ZL: writing—original draft, review, and editing. XS: methodology and writing—review and editing. TW: funding support. MN: funding support and writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the manuscript. Xianding Sun and Mao Nie contributed equally. 

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Liu, Z., Wang, T., Sun, X. et al. Autophagy and apoptosis: regulatory factors of chondrocyte phenotype transition in osteoarthritis. Human Cell 36, 1326–1335 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13577-023-00926-2

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