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Cytotoxicity of short-term exposure to sublethal dose of the insecticide thiamethoxam to male albino rats

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Abstract

Objective

Thiamethoxam (TMX) is a systemic insecticide used to combat plant pests that might significantly affect food security. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate its mammalian toxicity against male albino rats following short-term administration of sublethal doses.

Methods

Two groups, control and treatment rats (eight males each), were orally administered distilled water and 1/20 LD50 (78.0 mg/kg B.W.) doses of TMX daily for 14 days. The biochemical, hematological, genotoxic, and histopathological responses were subsequently described.

Results

The results revealed significant decreases in the specific activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and Mg+-ATPase in the TMX-treated rats compared to those in the control group. Additionally, alterations in blood parameters were reported for treated individuals. Significant increases in the number of tailings (14%), tail length (3.43 µm), tail DNA (3.62%), and tail moment (12.56%) as well as the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNs) were found in the TMX-treated animals. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of blood samples revealed swollen mitochondria with light-dense cristae, vacuoles (V), nuclei (N) (contained migrated chromatin), and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in comparison to the firm structure of the negative control.

Conclusion

TMX exposure, especially at low doses, is an alarming sign of possible health hazards.

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Data availability

The data are available within the article or its supplementary materials. The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article [and/or] its supplementary materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, PO Box 59, El-Beheira, Egypt

    Atef M. K. Nassar & Yehia M. Salim

  2. Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, PO Box 12618, Giza, Egypt

    Hossam El Din H. Abdelhafez & Khaled Y. Abdel-Halim

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  1. Atef M. K. Nassar
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Correspondence to Hossam El Din H. Abdelhafez.

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Atef M. K. Nassar, Hossam El Din H. Abdelhafez, Yehia M. Salim, Khaled Y. Abdel‑Halim declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethical approval studies in animals

The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhur University, approved the animal care ethics (No DUFA-2022-4), and the standard international guidelines for animal care were followed according to the National Institutes of Health Guide and the EU Directive 2010/63/EU for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals [28, 76].

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Nassar, A.M.K., Abdelhafez, H.E.D.H., Salim, Y.M. et al. Cytotoxicity of short-term exposure to sublethal dose of the insecticide thiamethoxam to male albino rats. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-024-00210-2

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