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Prevalence, risk factors and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes in Mexican adolescents when applying diagnostic criteria from three different international guidelines

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Abstract

Objective

To compare the prevalence, risk factors and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for Mexican adolescent population when applying different diagnostic criteria based on the 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, as established by three international guidelines.

Materials and methods

Comparative, observational, and retrospective study, which included pregnant women under 19 years, who underwent screening for GDM in our center. Data were obtained from the hospital’s electronic records and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The X2 test was used to compare group proportions. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

A total of 999 adolescents were screened for GDM. The observed prevalence was 3%, 14.4%, and 29.3% when using the Fifth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (FIWC), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE-2015), and International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria, respectively. Of our sample, 42.5% presented at least one risk factor. An association was observed regarding the need for cesarean section in patients with GDM diagnosed through IADPSG criteria (OR = 1.35, p = 0.04). On the other hand, the use of the FIWC and NICE standards showed an association between GDM and obstetric hemorrhage (OR = 17.8, p = 0.000, and OR = 4.8, p = 0.01, respectively) and preeclampsia with severity criteria (OR = 5.1, p = 0.001, and OR = 2.4, P = 0.025, respectively).

Conclusions

The prevalence of GDM in adolescents is high, and we can conclude that the prevalence varies based on which international diagnostic guideline is applied. While there is an association with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, obstetric hemorrhage, and the need for cesarean section, this requires further evaluation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, NL, Mexico

    Eduardo N. Nava Guerrero

  2. Obstetrics and Gynecology Fellow, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, NL, Mexico

    Alejandra Salcedo González & Elena J. Mondragón Ortiz

  3. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, NL, México

    Claudia E. Hernández Escobar & Ivette M. De Alba

  4. Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Hospital Regional Materno Infantil, Aldama 460, 67140, Guadalupe, Nuevo León, México

    Fidel Cisneros Rivera

  5. Central Laboratory, Hospital Regional Materno Infantil, Aldama 460, 67140, Guadalupe, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Graciela Cantú

Authors
  1. Eduardo N. Nava Guerrero
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  2. Alejandra Salcedo González
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  3. Claudia E. Hernández Escobar
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  4. Fidel Cisneros Rivera
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  5. Elena J. Mondragón Ortiz
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  6. Ivette M. De Alba
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  7. Graciela Cantú
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eduardo N. Nava Guerrero.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Hospital Regional Materno Infantil, Secretaria de Salud de Nuevo León, México. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Informed consent

This research study employs retrospective and observational research techniques and methodology and does not carry out any intervention or intentional modification to physiological, psychological, or social variables to the participants. For this study, only an electronic file review was used for data collection, creating a database in which the names of the patients were not included. Informed consent is not required as long as the information is anonymized, and the submission does not include images that may identify the person.

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Nava Guerrero, E.N., Salcedo González, A., Hernández Escobar, C.E. et al. Prevalence, risk factors and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes in Mexican adolescents when applying diagnostic criteria from three different international guidelines. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 41, 212–220 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-020-00876-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-020-00876-7

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