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The predictive significance of chromobox family members in prostate cancer in humans

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Abstract

Purpose

The Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are crucial elements of the epigenetic regulatory machinery and play a significant role in the development and advancement of cancer. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding regarding the role of CBXs in development or progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Our objective is to develop a unique prognostic model associated with CBXs to improve the accuracy of predicting outcomes of patients with PCa.

Methods

Data from TCGA and GEO databases were analyzed to assess differential expression, prognostic value, gene pathway enrichment, and immune cell infiltration. COX regression analysis was utilized to identify the independent prognostic factors that impact disease-free survival (DFS). The expression of CBX2 and FOXP3+ cells infiltration was verified by immunohistochemical staining of clinical tissue sections. In vitro proliferation, migration and invasion assay were conducted to examine the function of CBX2. RNA-seq was employed to examine the CBX2 related pathway enrichment.

Results

CBX2, CBX3, CBX4, and CBX8 were upregulated, while CBX6 and CBX7 were downregulated in PCa tissues. CBXs expression varied by stage and grade. Elevated expression of CBX1, CBX2, CBX3, CBX4 and CBX8 is correlated with poor outcome. CBX2 expression, T stage, and Gleason score were independent prognostic factors. The expression level of CBX2 in PCa tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. More Treg infiltration was observed in the group with high CBX2 expression. CBX2 expression affected PCa cell growth, migration, and invasion.

Conclusions

CBX2 is involved in the development and advancement of PCa, suggesting its potential as a reliable prognostic indicator for PCa patients.

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Data availability

The data for bioinformatics analysis are publicly accessible, and the specific details can be found in the materials and methods section of the paper.

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Funding

Guangdong Province key areas research and development plan (2023B1111030006), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82072841 and 82372766), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2021A1515010199), Key Areas Research and Development Program of Guangdong (2020B111114002), Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases (2020B1111170006) and Guangdong Science and Technology Department (2020B1212060018). Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University (1320223001), Medical Science and Technology Research Fund of Guangdong Province (A2022541).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Xiaoting Xu, Cong Lai and Jiawen Luo have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China

    Xiaoting Xu, Cong Lai, Jiawen Luo, Juanyi Shi, Kaixuan Guo, Jintao Hu, Yelisudan Mulati, Yunfei Xiao, Degeng Kong, Cheng Liu & Kewei Xu

  2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Xiaoting Xu, Cong Lai, Jiawen Luo, Juanyi Shi, Kaixuan Guo, Jintao Hu, Yelisudan Mulati, Yunfei Xiao & Degeng Kong

  3. Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Xiaoting Xu

  4. Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, China

    Cheng Liu & Kewei Xu

  5. Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China

    Jingang Huang

  6. Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China

    Kewei Xu

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Contributions

K.W.X. and J.G.H. designed and directed the research. X.T.X. and C.L. analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. J.W.L. performed the in vitro experiments and revised the manuscript. J.Y.S., K.X.G. and J.T.H. collected references and revised the manuscript. Y.M., Y.F.X. and D.G.K. were responsible for cell culture and data collection. C.L. revised the manuscript. The final manuscript was approved by all authors.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jingang Huang or Kewei Xu.

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Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital ethical committee (SYSKY-2023-1156-01).

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Xu, X., Lai, C., Luo, J. et al. The predictive significance of chromobox family members in prostate cancer in humans. Cell Oncol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-024-00929-7

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