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Mechanical, wear, fatigue, and water absorption behavior of proso millet husk derived biosilica reinforced nylon 6–6 composite thick plates for friction stir welding process

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Abstract

This research presents a comprehensive investigation into the mechanical, tribological, fatigue, and micro-structural properties of 3D printed Nylon 6–6 composites reinforced with biosilica derived from proso millet husk. The biosilica nanoparticles were prepared from proso millet husks via thermo-chemical process and reinforce into the nylon polymer via single screw extruder. The composites, designated from A to E, were printed with varying concentrations of biosilica, ranging from 0 to 4 wt.% reinforced nylon filaments with 50% infill ratio. The printed composites are further subjected to testing in accordance to ASTM standards and the results are evaluated further. According to the results, the tensile and yield strength of composite reveals a progressive improvement in mechanical properties with increasing biosilica content, attributed to efficient load transfer and enhanced rigidity imparted by biosilica particles. Similarly, izod impact toughness and hardness demonstrate similar trends, indicates increased toughness and surface durability with higher biosilica content. The fatigue life cycle assessment of composites is significant. The addition of biosilica improved the strength of nylon composite even it printed by 50 infill ratio. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals distinct microstructural features, including biosilica agglomerations, unfilled voids, and uniform biosilica dispersion, offering insights into the material's internal morphology and reinforcing mechanisms. Additionally, the controlled water absorption and improved wear resistance observed in biosilica-reinforced composites highlight their potential for applications requiring moisture resistance and reduced friction. Overall, the synergistic combination of nylon 6–6 and biosilica presents promising opportunities for the development of high-performance composite materials with enhanced mechanical properties and durability, suitable for diverse engineering applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mother Terasa College of Engineering and Technology, Mettusalai, Illuppur, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India

    P. Rajkumar

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Engineering Srirangam, SethurapattiTrichy, Tamil Nadu, India

    U. Natarajan

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sir Issac Newton College of Engineering and Technology, Pappakoil, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India

    A. Kumaravadivel

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  1. P. Rajkumar
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  2. U. Natarajan
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  3. A. Kumaravadivel
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Rajkumar P and Natarajan U: full research; Kumaravadivel A: testing support.

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Correspondence to P. Rajkumar.

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Rajkumar, P., Natarajan, U. & Kumaravadivel, A. Mechanical, wear, fatigue, and water absorption behavior of proso millet husk derived biosilica reinforced nylon 6–6 composite thick plates for friction stir welding process. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05691-2

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