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Bioconversion approach for the valorization of Jatropha curcas seed cake into biodiesel using black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the biodiesel potential of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL)-fed Jatropha curcas seed cake (JCSC). The larvae were fed with JCSC that had undergone three different treatments (biological, thermal, and thermobiological) and an untreated control group. Every 4 days for 15 days, the larvae were fed treated and untreated JCSC at a rate of 90 g of JCSC per 550 larvae. The highest survival rate (98.42 ± 1.21%) was obtained with untreated JCSC. The oil content of larvae from each treatment was 32.86 ± 0.42% for untreated JCSC and 31.84 ± 0.67%, 32.16 ± 0.17%, and 31.43 ± 0.19% for biologically, thermally, and thermobiologically treated JCSC, respectively. The oil extracted from larvae from untreated JCSC (with the highest fat content) was converted to biodiesel by a two-step transesterification process. Fatty acid methyl esters were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. Furthermore, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses of BSBL oil showed the presence of carboxylic acids and ester carbonyl functional groups. In addition, the physicochemical properties of biodiesel from BSFLO were analyzed, and properties such as density (875.5 kg/m3), flash point (154 °C), iodine value (94.48 gI2/100 g oil), calorific value (39.87 MJ/kg), cetane number (52.53), and induction time (14.57 h) were all within the standards set by ASTMD6751.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study can be available upon request. If needed, you may contact the corresponding author for a soft copy of the data.

Abbreviations

FT-IR:

Fourier-transform infrared

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

AOAC:

Association of Official Agricultural Chemists

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

BSFL:

Black soldier fly larvae

BSFLO:

Black soldier fly larvae oil

BSFLO-B:

Black soldier fly larvae oil biodiesel

GC/MS:

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl esters

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Renewable Energies Laboratory of the University of Dschang. The third author (Mr. Ngomade Lemoupi Serges Bruno) gratefully acknowledged the CSIR-TWAS fellowship award (FR number: 3240321637) for PhD research at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India. The authors are very grateful to Dr. Neeraj Atray for all his facilities

Funding

This work was supported by the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) for the advancement of science in developing countries, under the Research Grant No. 3240321637.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Renewable Energy Laboratory, Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

    Leonel Brice Wandji Nono, Julius Kewir Tangka & Boris Merlain Kanouo Djousse

  2. Department of Chemistry, Noxious Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

    Serges Bruno Lemoupi Ngomade & Dolvine Nguemfo Dongmo

  3. Biofuel Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India

    Serges Bruno Lemoupi Ngomade & Neeraj Atray

  4. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Neeraj Atray

  5. Dschang, Cameroun

    Leonel Brice Wandji Nono

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Contributions

Leonel Brice Wandji Nono: writing, review and editing, writing original draft, software, project administration, methodology, investigation, funding acquisition, formal analysis, data curation, and conceptualization. Julius Tangka Kewir: writing original draft, validation, supervision, project administration, methodology, and data curation. Serges Bruno Lemoupi Ngomade: funding acquisition, methodology, investigation, and editing. Boris Merlain Djousse Kanaouo: project administration, resources, and supervision. Dolvine Nguemfo Dongmo: methodology, review, and editing. Neeraj Atray: visualization and supervision.

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Correspondence to Leonel Brice Wandji Nono.

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The Administration Committee of the Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, India, approved this study.

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Nono, L.B.W., Tangka, J.K., Ngomade, S.B.L. et al. Bioconversion approach for the valorization of Jatropha curcas seed cake into biodiesel using black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05557-7

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