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Ultrasound and microwave-assisted extractions as green and efficient approaches to recover anthocyanin from black rice bran

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Abstract

Extraction techniques are one way to separate bioactive compounds from agro-industrial material. Emerging technologies for the extraction of bioactive compounds, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), are preferable to conventional extraction techniques because they are more efficient, spend less time, and are environmentally friendly. This study compared ultrasound (UAE) and microwave (MAE) assisted extraction techniques to recover anthocyanins from black rice bran. By optimizing using Box Behnken design, for UAE, 83.73% of the total anthocyanins (2.44 mg C3G/g) were recovered, using as parameters temperature 50°C, a frequency 380 W, and a solvent 60:40 (v/v) citric acid 0.1 M:ethanol. For MAE, it was possible to recover 81.44% of the total anthocyanins (2.37 mg C3G/g), using parameters temperature 55°C, citric acid 0.1M:ethanol (50:50, v/v), and a mass of 0.8 g (1:24, g/ml). Both techniques were considered ecologically green by the Green Certificate (A) and excellent methods by EcoScale (scores higher than 75). Anthocyanin-rich extracts did not show cytotoxicity for L292 cells (1000 μg/mL) and showed cytoprotection (> 92% using 500 μg/mL) when subjected to oxidative stress with H2O2. Both extracts showed technological potential as a natural dye and as an ingredient of nutraceutical products.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Brazilian agencies, CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), CAPES-PRINT (Project numbers 88887.310560/2018-00 and 88887.310727/2018-00).

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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, PO Box 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, ,88010-970, Brazil

    Eduardo Leonarski, Mayara Kuasnei, Eloisa Hasper dos Santos, Laís Benvenutti, Karina Cesca, Débora de Oliveira & Acácio Antonio Ferreira Zielinski

  2. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Paulo Alexandre Durant Moraes

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  1. Eduardo Leonarski
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Contributions

E.L.: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, data curation, writing—review and editing. M.K.: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, data curation, writing—review and editing. E.H.S: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis. L.B.: formal analysis. P.A.D.M.: formal Analysis. K.C.: writing—original draft, investigation, visualization, supervision. D.O.: investigation, resources, writing—original draft, visualization, supervision, project administration. A.A.F.Z.: investigation, resources, writing—original draft, visualization, supervision, project administration

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Leonarski, E., Kuasnei, M., dos Santos, E.H. et al. Ultrasound and microwave-assisted extractions as green and efficient approaches to recover anthocyanin from black rice bran. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05479-4

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