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Antifungal activity of dialdehyde chitosan against Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans

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Abstract

With rising food insecurity being a global challenge, the strain on food systems is further exacerbated by post-harvest losses occasioned by fungal attacks which result in food contamination. In this case, there is an urgent need to develop new and sustainable bio-based antifungal agents that can control pathogenic fungi during pre-harvest and post-harvest. For this reason, chitosan (Cs), which has been shown to have antifungal properties, is a promising antifungal agent owing to its non-toxicity and biodegradability. This study therefore sought to evaluate the potential applications of dialdehyde chitosan (OCs) synthesized from Cs isolated from Hermetia illucens in the inhibition of two fungal strains that have been found in food matrices. Cs was chemically isolated from Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) followed by periodate oxidation to introduce carbonyl groups (C = O) in its structure as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data indicated the removal of extractives, purity, and thermal properties of both Cs and OCs while scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images of Cs were rougher than OCs and indicative of successful oxidation. Additionally, the Viscometer indicated successful oxidation of Cs evident by a decrease in fluidity of OCs. From the results obtained, the degree of oxidation of the aldehydes increases while the viscosity also decreases with an increase in a molar ratio of KIO4/Cs and the temperature. Using the plate count method, the OCs had significant inhibitory activity against Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans when compared to Cs.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Chemistry, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, and Norbrook Kenya Limited for providing their laboratory facilities to conduct this research.

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  1. Dennis Mwanza Nzilu

    Present address: Chemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya

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  1. Chemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya

    Gideon Kiprono Kirui, Edwin Shigwenya Madivoli, Patrick Gachoki Kareru & Walyambillah Waudo

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Contributions

Conceptualization, G.K.K, E.S.M, and P.G.K; methodology, G.K.K, E.S.M, and D.M.Z; validation, G.K.K, E.S.M, and W.W; formal analysis, G.K.K and D.M.Z; investigation, G.K.K, E.S.M, and D.M.Z; resources, G.K.K and W.W; data curation, G.K.K; writing—original draft preparation, G.K.K; writing—review and editing, E.S.M, P.G.K, and W.W; supervision, P.G.K and W.W; project administration, G.K.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Kirui, G.K., Madivoli, E.S., Nzilu, D.M. et al. Antifungal activity of dialdehyde chitosan against Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05448-x

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