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Synthesis of nano-silica-coated peanut shell-derived bio-char composite for removal of safranin dye present in aqueous solution: batch and optimization using response surface methodology

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Abstract

Safranin is widely used in textile industries, and its discharge makes the effluent harmful to the environment. In this study, peanut shell biochar after chemical and thermal activation was coated with silica nanoparticles to make novel SiAcPNS 1:10 and was used to remove safranin dye present in solution. Detailed characterization of the nanocomposite was done using various equipment. The effect of different parameters was studied and adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies were done. Data derived from adsorption confirms Freundlich isotherm fitted best with R2 value of 0.995. The highest adsorption capacity was 19.646 mg.g−1. Furthermore, the negative ΔG value calculated from the thermodynamic study indicated that the process was spontaneous. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. Experimentally, the highest removal of 97.22% was observed with the adsorbent dosage of 2 g.L−1, initial dye concentration of 10 mg.L−1, at 303 K, pH 8, and agitation speed of 130 rpm. Further optimization of the batch study was performed by response surface methodology (RSM).

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Funding

This study is funded by the University Grant Commission under the scheme of National Fellowship for Scheduled Caste.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Sampad Sarkar, Poushali Chakraborty & Papita Das

  2. School of Advanced Studies in Industrial Pollution Control Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Sampad Sarkar, Poushali Chakraborty & Papita Das

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  1. Sampad Sarkar
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  2. Poushali Chakraborty
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Contributions

Sampad Sarkar—experimental work, manuscript writing.

Poushali Chakraborty—manuscript writing, manuscript editing.

Papita Das—supervised the work.

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Correspondence to Sampad Sarkar.

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Highlights

• Utilization of waste (peanut shell) to make adsorbent.

• Chemical modification of the adsorbent in a cost effective way.

• Enhancement of adsorption efficiency using SiO2 nanoparticle to make nanocomposite (SiAcPNS).

• The nanocomposite has 97% of Safranin removal efficiency.

• Safranin removal % by SiAcPNS is further optimized by Box-Bhenken design.

• R2 value of 0.989 was observed using RSM optimization.

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Sarkar, S., Chakraborty, P. & Das, P. Synthesis of nano-silica-coated peanut shell-derived bio-char composite for removal of safranin dye present in aqueous solution: batch and optimization using response surface methodology. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05389-5

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