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Exploration of the chemical characteristics and bioactive and antioxidant potential of tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare), peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), and bacupari (Garcinia gardneriana) native Brazilian fruits

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Abstract

Brazil has native fruits in its flora with high nutritional, mineral, bioactive, and antioxidant potential. Therefore, this work aimed to study the biochemical composition, bioactive potential, and the presence of antinutritional compounds in tucumã, peach palm, and bacupari fruits. Analyses of total carotenoids, vitamin C, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, antinutritional compounds, mineral profiles, carbohydrates and organic acids profiles, and individual phenolics were performed. The results showed that tucumã, peach palm, and bacupari are sources of vitamin C (108.31, 206.22, and 163.49 mg ascorbic acid 100 g−1 sample), carotenoids (2.55, 3.47, and 0.14 mg carotenoids 100 g−1 sample), and high antioxidant potential by the FRAP (105.96, 41.61, and 55.54 μM ferrous sulfate g−1 pulp), and ABTS (591.14, 105.03, and 46.59 μM Trolox g−1 pulp) methods, respectively. The results obtained on antinutritional compounds demonstrated that tucumã had a tannin content of 0.26 mg tannic acid 100 g−1; on the other hand, bacupari showed positive results for trypsin inhibitors (1.02 TIU mg−1 sample), peach palm did not show positive results for any of the applied antinutritional tests. All the fruits stood out for their high potassium and magnesium content (70.0 and 22.50 mg L−1, 58.0 and 4.90 mg L−1, 99.75 and 16.90 mg L−1 for tucumã, peach palm, and bacupari, respectively). The main acids identified in the tucumã and peach palm samples were oleic acid (58.51, and 54.23 %) and palmitic acid (30.63, and 35.81 %), respectively. Among the individual phenolics, the samples proved to be rich in catechin, gallic acid, rutin, and chlorogenic acid. It has been reported that these phenolics are sources for the maintenance of several crucial biological functions in our organisms, acting as antimicrobials and antitumor and reducing the incidence of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. The work demonstrated the potential of these fruits as a source of compounds with high added value for application in food and pharmaceutical products.

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Funding

G.A.S. Martins received a grant and thanks the CAPES/Brazil no: 88881.200497/2018-01, PROCAD-AM 1707/2018. G.A.S. Martins received funding and thanks to the CNPq Edital de Produtividade em Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Extensão Inovadora no: 304505/2022-6, and CAPES - Process no: 23038.000878/2021-56, Edital CAPES no 018/2020 – Programa de Desenvolvimento da Pós-Graduação- Parcerias Estratégicas nos Estados.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, 77001-090, Brazil

    Hermanny Matos da Silva Sousa, Gabriela Fonseca Leal, Larissa da Silva Gualberto & Glêndara Aparecida de Souza Martins

  2. Kinetics and Process Modeling Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, 77001-090, Brazil

    Hermanny Matos da Silva Sousa, Gabriela Fonseca Leal, Larissa da Silva Gualberto, Bárbara Catarina Bastos de Freitas, Rômulo Alves Morais & Glêndara Aparecida de Souza Martins

  3. Research Laboratory in Environmental Chemistry and Biofuels, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, 77001-090, Brazil

    Patrícia Martins Guarda

  4. Department of Food Science (DCA), Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil

    Soraia Vilela Borges

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HMdSS: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, original draft, investigation; GFL: methodology, validation, formal analysis; LdSG: methodology, validation, formal analysis; BCBdF: validation, formal analysis; PMG: resources, supervision, project administration; SVB: resources, supervision, project administration; RAM: methodology, validation, original draft, investigation, review, and editing; GAdSM: conceptualization, resources, supervision, project administration, review and editing

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da Silva Sousa, H.M., Leal, G.F., da Silva Gualberto, L. et al. Exploration of the chemical characteristics and bioactive and antioxidant potential of tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare), peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), and bacupari (Garcinia gardneriana) native Brazilian fruits. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-05145-1

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