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Study on semi-empirical kinetic model of serial compound gasification process for high moisture solid waste

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Abstract

The serial compound fluidized bed gasification process of HMSW (high moisture solid waste) is studied, and the semi-empirical kinetic model is established by combining hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics. The model include combustion sub-model and gasification sub-model, which are divided into dense phase and dilute phase for simulation. The dense phase is simulated by the three-phase bubble bed theory, and the dilute phase is simulated by Wen-Chen entrainment elutriation model combined with the ring-core model. The pyrolysis model is based on the empirical relationship. The effects of gasification temperature, S/HMSW (steam/high moisture solid waste) ratio, HMSW/C (high moisture solid waste/coal) ratio, and moisture on the gasification process are studied. The results show that the gasification temperature of 1000 °C, S/HMSW of 1.13, HMSW/C of 3, and moisture of 26% are the optimal gasification parameters. The study can guide the design, operation, and optimization of the serial compound gasification process.

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Abbreviations

A r :

Archimedes number, (-)

A t :

Bed area, (m2)

C D :

Drag coefficient, (-)

C i :

Molar concentration of the ith component, (kmol/m3)

C p :

Specific heat capacity, (kJ/kg·K)

d :

Diameter, (m)

d Sv :

The diameter of a sphere having the same specific surface area as the particle, (m)

D :

Gas diffusion coefficient, (m2/s)

f 1 :

The transfer rate of particles from the core zone to the annular zone, (m/s)

f 2 :

The transfer rate of particles from the annular zone to the core zone, (m/s)

f c :

The ratio of the cloud volume to the bubble volume, (%)

f L :

Relative reactivity factor, (-)

f w :

The ratio of the wake volume to the bubble volume, (%)

F(h):

Particle entrainment rate, (kg/(m2·s))

F 0 :

Entrainment rate at the surface of the bed, (kg/(m2·s))

F ∞ :

Entrainment rate at TDH, (kg/(m2·s))

H den :

Height of dense phase zone, (m)

H den,coal :

Bed height in coal gasification zone, (m)

H :

Bed height, (m)

HMSW:

High moisture solid waste, (-)

k eq,i :

Equilibrium constants for reaction i, (depends on the reaction)

k s :

Surface reaction rate constant, (m/s)

k i :

Rate constants for reaction i, (depends on the reaction)

k T :

The overall reaction rate constant of the heterogeneous reaction in the gasification stage, (s−1)

K bc :

Coefficient of mass transfer between bubble and bubble-cloud, (s−1)

K ce :

Coefficient of mass transfer between bubble-cloud and emulsion, (s−1)

K diff :

Gas diffusion rate constant, (m/s)

m w c :

Molecular weight of carbon, 12, (kg/kmol)

\({n}_{i}^{\mathrm{in}}\) :

Gas diffusion rate constant, (mol/h)

\({n}_{i}^{\mathrm{out}}\) :

Mole of output material, (mol/h)

P :

Pressure, (pa)

r i :

Reaction rate of j reaction, (kmol/m3·s)

R f :

Expansion ratio coefficient, (-)

R e :

Reynolds number, (-)

Sc :

Schmidt number, (-)

S h :

Sherwood number, (-)

S v :

Surface area of a spherical particle, (m2)

t :

Time, (s)

T :

Bed temperature, (K)

TDH :

Transport disengaging height, (m)

u b :

Bubble velocity, (m/s)

u br :

Relative bubble velocity, (m/s)

u ga :

Average gas velocity in annulus zone, (m/s)

u gc :

Average gas velocity in core zone, (m/s)

u ge :

Gas velocity in the emulsion, (m/s)

u pc :

Particle velocity in core zone, (m/s)

u pa :

Particle velocity in annulus zone, (m/s)

u f :

Gas flow velocity between particles in the emulsion phase, (m/s)

u 0 :

Velocity of empty bed (gas apparent velocity), (m/s)

u s, wake :

Rise velocity of particles in the wake, (m/s)

u s, cloud :

Rise velocity of particles in the cloud, (m/s)

V :

Volume, (m3)

x :

Pyrolysis product content of coal, (%)

X :

Carbon conversion rate, (%)

y :

Pyrolysis product content of solid waste, (%)

Y :

The rate of carbon burning consumption, (%)

\(\Delta {H}_{f}^{0}\) :

Standard enthalpy of formation of material, (kJ/mol)

\(\alpha\) :

Attenuation index, (-)

\(\delta\) :

The volume fraction of each phase in the bed, (%)

\(\varepsilon\) :

Void ratio, (%)

\(\mu\) :

Coefficient of kinematic viscosity, (Pa·s)

\(\nu\) :

Coefficient of kinematic viscosity, (m2/s)

\(\rho\) :

Density, (kg/m3)

\(\phi\) :

Mechanism factor during combustion, (-)

\(\eta\) :

System thermal efficiency, (%)

\({\phi }_{s}\) :

Sphericity of solid particles, (-)

ad :

Air dried basis, (-)

ann :

Annulus zone, (-)

b :

Bubble, (-)

c :

Cloud, (-)

core :

Core zone, (-)

ch :

Char, (-)

daf :

Dry ash free, (-)

e :

Emulsion, (-)

g :

Gas, (-)

mf :

Minimum fluidization, (-)

LHV :

Lower caloric value, (-)

k :

Air, (-)

p :

Particles, (-)

t :

Terminal value, (-)

VOL :

Volatile, (-)

w :

Wake, (-)

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Acknowledgements

Through the research of this paper, a new path can be found for the direct gasification of high moisture solid waste.

Funding

This study is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2021JJ50154, 2021JJ30080, 2023JJ50342).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Municipal and Geomatics Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, China

    Xianan Xiang, Chunhui He & Chun Zhang

  2. School of Merchant Marine, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Xuehua Zhou

  3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 421001, China

    Chenhua Wang

  4. Huzhou Special Equipment Inspection Center, Huzhou, 313000, China

    Guoqiang Lu

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  1. Xianan Xiang
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Xiang, X., Zhou, X., Wang, C. et al. Study on semi-empirical kinetic model of serial compound gasification process for high moisture solid waste. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04875-6

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