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Bio-conversion of Jamun leaf litter and kitchen waste into vermicompost: implications for Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal in vitro conservation

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Abstract

Proper disposal of accumulated leaf litter and kitchen waste has become a challenging problem. The aim of the present study was to use garden waste, Jamun leaf litter (JLL), and kitchen waste (KW) for preparation of vermicompost which was used for the conservation of Rare, Endangered and Threatened plant species, Withania somnifera. For this, JLL and KW were mixed with cattle dung (CD) in different proportions to produce three different feed mixtures (VCA1, VCA2, and VCA3) for vermicomposting using earthworm species Eisenia fetida. Composition of feed mixtures is as follows: VCA1-JLL (50%) + CD (50%), VCA2-JLL (25%) + KW (25%) + CD (50%), VCA3-KW (50%) + CD (50%). CD (100%) was used as control. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy of initial feed mixtures and their final products (vermicompost) showed good maturity of vermicompost. Minimum mortality and maximum population size of worms were observed with VCA2 followed by VCA1. Nutrients like N, P, K, and Na increased while organic content and C:N ratio decreased in all the end products of vermicomposting. Heavy metal contents in vermicompost decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when compared with initial feed mixture. The effect of different concentrations (5, 10, and 15%) of vermicompost extracts on the seedling growth parameters of W. somnifera revealed that the seeds treated with VCA2 (10%) showed the best response with maximum seed germination response (95.55%), minimum germination time (3 days), and maximum shoot (3.3 cm) and root (3.8 cm) lengths.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to University Grants Commission, New Delhi, and the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, for various programs like DRS and DST-FIST. Thanks are due to Central facility and Emerging Life Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (Punjab), for providing necessary laboratory facilities.

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  1. Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Anamika Sharma, Sonali Sonali, Nitika Sharma, Satveer Singh, Rahil Dutta, Adarsh Pal Vig & Avinash Kaur Nagpal

  2. Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Savita Savita

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Anamika Sharma: visualization; conceptualization; methodology; writing—original draft; review and editing. Savita: writing—review and editing. Nitika Sharma, Sonali, Satveer Singh, and Rahil—methodology. Adarsh Pal Vig: supervision and resources. Avinash Kaur Nagpal: conceptualization, supervision, resources, writing—review and editing.

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Sharma, A., Savita, S., Sonali, S. et al. Bio-conversion of Jamun leaf litter and kitchen waste into vermicompost: implications for Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal in vitro conservation. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04830-5

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