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Phyto-mediated synthesis of pure and cobalt-doped SnO2 nanoparticles for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and photocatalytic activities

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Abstract

In the present work, tin oxide nanoparticles doped with various concentrations of cobalt (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) have been synthesized via cost effective green method using Annona muricata leaf extract for the first time. The obtained nanopowder was analyzed by various characterization techniques such as XRD, FTIR, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, EDX, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The XRD pattern reveals cobalt ions are successfully incorporated into the tetragonal rutile structure of SnO2 with high phase purity. The stretching vibration of Sn-O has been confirmed through FTIR spectra. XPS measurement illustrates that Co2+ ions were effectively substituted by Sn4+ ions. Also, SEM and TEM micrograph of nanoparticles exhibit jasmine bud-like and spherical shape morphology. The presence of Sn, Co, and O in EDX spectra indicate purity of samples. Bandgap energy spectra shows as the dopant concentration increases, the optical band gap energy decreases. However, the obtained nanoparticles exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. niger. Moreover, SnO2 nanoparticles demonstrate significant antioxidant activity through DPPH-free radical scavenging. Also, the photocatalytic effect of SnO2 and Sn0.93Co0.07O2 nanoparticles shows effective degradation of methylene blue in the presence of sunlight irradiation. Hence, our results demonstrate that plant extract-mediated synthesis of pure and cobalt-doped SnO2 nanoparticles could be used for biomedical and waste water management applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to CLIF Kerala University, DST-SAIF Cochin for providing instrumentation facilities and to BIOGENIX Research Center, Thiruvananthapuram, to carry out antimicrobial and antioxidant activity studies.

Funding

The University of Kerala provided financial assistance for this study through the University Junior Research Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics, Mahatma Gandhi College, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695004, Kerala, India

    P. S. Vindhya & V. T. Kavitha

  2. NSS College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, 695040, Kerala, India

    V. T. Kavitha

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  1. P. S. Vindhya
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  2. V. T. Kavitha
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Contributions

Vindhya P S: conceptualization, methodology, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing original draft, reviewing. Kavitha V T: conceptualization, methodology, analysis and interpretation of data, validation, supervision, writing—reviewing and editing. All authors read and approved the final version of manuscript.

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Correspondence to V. T. Kavitha.

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Vindhya, P.S., Kavitha, V.T. Phyto-mediated synthesis of pure and cobalt-doped SnO2 nanoparticles for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and photocatalytic activities. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04548-4

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