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Ordered porous carbon preparation by hard templating approach for hydrogen adsorption application

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Abstract

The safe, affordable, and eco-friendly storage of gases is a pressing environmental concern worldwide. Porous carbon, as a widely utilized adsorbent with a broad pore size distribution spanning from small micropores to large macropores, is unsuitable for the selective adsorption of gases with very small molecular size, such as hydrogen. Although this adsorbent is relatively low-cost, ordered porous carbons offer promising advantages by leveraging the advantages of carbon-based adsorbents to achieve uniform pore size distribution and high specific surface area, enabling more selective and rapid separation while minimizing pressure drop and allowing for easy regeneration. This work reviews the use of templated ordered porous carbons produced using hard templating with commonly employed templates, such as silica, zeolites, and open framework materials such as metal organic frameworks, for hydrogen storage applications. The synthesis methods and operating parameters that impact the properties of the final product are evaluated in this study, and a brief comparison with soft-templated carbons is also provided. Based on available literature, the hydrogen adsorption properties of hard-templated carbons are explored, including effective operating conditions and parameters and the underlying adsorption mechanisms.

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Abbreviations

CAN:

Acetonitrile

AN:

Acrylonitrile

Ar:

Argon

BEA (β):

Beta Zeolite

BJH:

Barrett-Joyner-Halenda

BET:

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

Ca:

Calcium

CH4 :

Methane

CMPs:

Conjugated microporous polymers

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

COFs:

Covalent organic frameworks

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

C2H6 :

Ethane

C3H8 :

Propane

C6H6 :

Benzene

C7H8 :

Toluene

CMK-n:

Carbon Mesostructured by KAIST

CMK-nG:

Mesoporous carbons composed of graphitic frameworks

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

CTAB:

Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

DMSO:

Dimethylsulfoxide

DMF:

Dimethylformamide

DOE:

US Department of Energy

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid

EMT, EMC-2:

EMC-2 Zeolite

FA:

Furfuryl alcohol

FAU:

Faujasite

Fe(NO3)3.9H2O:

Iron nitrate

g-C3N4 :

Graphitic carbon nitride

GO:

Graphene oxide

H2 :

Hydrogen

HF:

Hydrofluoric acid

HCl:

Hydrochloric Acid

H2O:

Water vapor

H2S:

Hydrogen sulfide

H2SO4 :

Sulfuric acid

H2PdCl4 :

Tetrachloropalladic acid

HCPs:

Hyper crosslinked polymers

He:

Helium

HIPE:

High internal phase emulsions

HY:

Hydrogen-form Zeolite Y

IBN-9:

Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Number 9

K10:

Montmorillonite Clay

KIT:

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

KOH:

Potassium hydroxide

LOHCs:

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers

MCM:

Mobil Composition of Matter

MCM-41, 48:

Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41, No. 48

Mg:

Magnesium

MIL:

Materials of Institute Lavoisier

MOFs:

Metal-organic frameworks

MPS:

3-Methacryloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane

MSU:

Michigan State University

MSU-H:

A special kind of mesoporous silica molecular sieve

MY:

Mordenite-Y

Na2CO3 :

Sodium carbonate

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

NH2-MIL-125:

Metal-organic framework containing amino groups

NH4F:

Ammonium fluoride

NH4Y-zeolite:

NH4+-exchanged zeolites

Ni:

Nickel

NiO:

Nickel oxide

N2 :

Nitrogen

O2 :

Oxygen

OPPs:

Organo-phosphorous pesticides

PAFs:

Porous aromatic frameworks

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

Pd:

Palladium

PEO:

Polyethylene Oxide

PFA:

Poly(furfuryl alcohol)

PIMs:

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity

PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO:

Poly(oxyethylene) − poly(oxypropylene) − poly(oxyethylene)

POPs:

Porous organic polymers

PP:

Polypropylene

PPO:

Polypropylene Oxide

Pt:

Platinum

PSA:

Pressure swing adsorption

PS-b-P4VP:

Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinyl pyridine)

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidon

RF:

Resorcinol–formaldehyde resin

Ru:

Ruthenium

S:

Sulfur

SBET:

Specific surface area

SBA:

Santa Barbara Amorphous

SBU:

Secondary building unit

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SiO2 :

Silica

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TEOS:

Tetraethyl orthosilicate

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

Vmic :

Micropore volume

Vtot :

Total pore volume

Vultramic :

Ultramicropores volume

UiO-66:

Universitetet i Oslo

ZIF:

Zeolitic imidazolate framework

Zn:

Zinc

ZnCl2 :

Zinc chloride

ZnO:

Zinc oxide

ZSM-5:

Zeolite Socony Mobil-5

ZTC:

Zeolite-templated carbon

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria

    Neda Asasian-Kolur, Bahram Haddadi, Christian Jordan & Michael Harasek

  2. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Seyedmehdi Sharifian

Authors
  1. Neda Asasian-Kolur
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  2. Seyedmehdi Sharifian
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  3. Bahram Haddadi
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  4. Christian Jordan
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  5. Michael Harasek
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Contributions

Neda Asasian-Kolur: Conceptualization; Investigation; Data Curation; Writing—Original Draft,

Seyedmehdi Sharifian: Methodology; Investigation; Visualization; Writing—Original Draft,

Bahram Haddadi: Conceptualization; Investigation; Writing—Review & Editing,

Christian Jordan: Conceptualization; Investigation; Writing—Review & Editing,

Michael Harasek: Conceptualization; Supervision; Project administration,

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Correspondence to Seyedmehdi Sharifian.

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Asasian-Kolur, N., Sharifian, S., Haddadi, B. et al. Ordered porous carbon preparation by hard templating approach for hydrogen adsorption application. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04282-x

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