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Thermochemical conversion of non-edible fruit waste for dye removal from wastewater

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Abstract

In this study, slow pyrolysis was employed for the thermochemical conversion of peach stones (PS), lignocellulosic waste (LCW) from food industry, to prepare biochar (PS-B), a new and efficient sorbent for the removal of toxic dye, brilliant green (BG), from aqueous solution. Detailed characteristics of PS and PS-B were analysed using pH suspension, pHPZC, zeta potential, particle size distribution, thermogravimetric method (TG-DTG), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that material loss during slow pyrolysis not only altered the chemical structure of the samples, but also induced the volume shrinking phenomenon, resulting in production of a rougher, porous structure with decreased crystallinity. Also, five times less total organic carbon (TOC) release was demonstrated by biochar compared to native material. Comparison of experimental results for BG sorption by PS and PS-B showed that sorption capacity increased after pyrolysis and that sorption kinetic was significantly improved. The BG sorption by both sorbents followed the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic model, with the intraparticle diffusion model within pores controlling the adsorption rate in PS-B. Isotherm equilibrium modelling revealed that the Sips isotherm provided the best model fit with maximum sorption capacity of 82.53 and 101.11 mg/g for PS and PS-B, respectively. A possible sorption mechanism of BG was achieved through pore filling (porous diffusion), hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction and π-π interactions. The results demonstrated that biochar derived from peach stones can be used as a promising green material for removing BG from contaminated waters.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Smilja Marković, PhD, from the Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA for performing the particle size measurements.

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia (grant number 451–03-47/2023–01/200023).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Belgrade, Serbia

    Anja Antanasković, Zorica Lopičić, Vladimir Adamović, Tatjana Šoštarić & Jelena Milojković

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Selcuk University, Campus, 42079, Konya, Turkey

    Erol Pehlivan

  3. Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Milan Milivojević

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  1. Anja Antanasković
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Contributions

Anja Antanasković: investigation, conceptualization, experiments, data curation, writing—original draft; Zorica Lopičić: investigation, conceptualization, visualization, writing—reviewing and editing; Erol Pehlivan: writing—reviewing and editing; Vladimir Adamović: data curation, writing—reviewing and editing; Tatjana Šoštarić: data curation, writing—reviewing and editing, Jelena Milojković: data curation, writing—reviewing and editing, Milan Milivojević: validation and supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Antanasković, A., Lopičić, Z., Pehlivan, E. et al. Thermochemical conversion of non-edible fruit waste for dye removal from wastewater. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04083-2

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