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Biosorption of lead ions (Pb2+) from water samples using dried Lemna minor biomass: experimental and density functional theory studies

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Abstract

Lemna minor biomass, a novel source of biosorbent, was found to exhibit high adsorption potential over a wide range of concentrations of Pb2+. The biosorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Biosorption experiments were carried out under the optimized parameters such as solution pH, biosorbent amount, equilibrium time, and temperature. During the sorption, it has been observed that the above 85% removal of Pb2+ ions was achieved at acidic pH (4.5–5.1). Moreover, the maximum sorption was achieved using the 150 mg L−1 biosorbent. Equilibrium experiments were validated by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. From the results, it has been noticed that the experimental data was best fitted to the Langmuir model (R2, 0.986 and 969.18 mmol g−1). Standard enthalpy (∆H°), free energy (∆G°), and entropy (∆S°) changes were calculated. Results showed that biosorption of Pb2+ was spontaneous and endothermic. The biosorption mechanism was analyzed through pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results demonstrated that the biosorption of Pb2+ followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorbate-adsorbent interactions were scrutinized by density functional theory (DFT).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Health Services Vocational School, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Savaş Kaya

  2. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Serap Çetinkaya & Ali Fazıl Yenidünya

  3. National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan

    Nida Shams Jalbani

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

    Nurşah Kütük

  5. Yıldızeli Meslek Yüksekokulu, Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Yıldızeli, Sivas, Turkey

    Ergün Kasaka

  6. Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics Institute, National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, Russia

    Mikhail M. Maslov

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  1. Savaş Kaya
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Contributions

Savaş Kaya: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing—original draft.

Serap Çetinkaya: data curation, investigation, writing—review and editing.

Nida Shams Jalbani: investigation, validation.

Ali Fazıl Yenidünya: resources, investigation, writing—review and editing.

Nurşah Kütük: writing—review and editing.

Ergün Kasaka: methodology, writing—original draft.

Mikhail M. Maslov: writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Savaş Kaya.

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Kaya, S., Çetinkaya, S., Jalbani, N.S. et al. Biosorption of lead ions (Pb2+) from water samples using dried Lemna minor biomass: experimental and density functional theory studies. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03914-6

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