Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using the flower extracts of Madhuca longifolia and study of their morphological and antimicrobial properties

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wet chemical synthesis and  a green synthesis approach have been used to produce magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. A floral extract of Madhuca longifolia (M. longifolia/mahua) was used as a reducing agent for magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate. Three different concentrations of floral extracts were used, along with two different concentrations of metal precursors. This study was designed to observe the influence of varying parameters on the particle size and shape of MgO nanoparticles. A Taguchi robust design approach was used to identify the factors that contribute most to the particle size and distribution of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, as well as the conditions that have the greatest impact. According to Taguchi analysis, the concentration of the metal precursor had the greatest influence on the size of the MgO nanoparticles. UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted to demonstrate the effective synthesis of MgO nanoparticles. The findings showed a variety of nanoparticle morphologies and a cubic crystal structure with high purity MgO nanoparticle content. Additionally, the FTIR analysis reveals that floral extracts were actively involved in the synthesis process. It was determined that the average size of all 12 samples ranged between 30 and 100 nm. To investigate the antimicrobial activity of synthesized MgO nanoparticles, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used. The majority of the samples were found to be appropriately inhibitory against both microbial strains; average zones of inhibition were also noted, along with the determination of the best sample’s minimum inhibitory concentration for both microorganisms. This is the first attempt to explore the effects of different factors on the structural morphology of MgO nanoparticles using mahua flower extracts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Islam F, Shohag S, Uddin MJ et al (2022) Exploring the journey of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) toward biomedical applications. Materials (Basel) 15:1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Iravani S (2011) Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Green Chem 13:2638–2650. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15386b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hussain I, Singh NB, Singh A et al (2016) Green synthesis of nanoparticles and its potential application. Biotechnol Lett 38:545–560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-015-2026-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Abel S, Tesfaye JL, Gudata L et al (2022) Biobutanol preparation through sugar-rich biomass by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum conversion using ZnO nanoparticle catalyst. Biomass Convers Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02424-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Duan H, Wang D, Li Y (2015) Green chemistry for nanoparticle synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 44:5778–5792. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00363b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sevilla P (2013) Molecular characterization of drug´s nanocarriers based on plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy: Fluorescence (SEF) and Raman (SERS). Opt Pura y Apl 46:111–119. https://doi.org/10.7149/OPA.46.2.111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fazeli M, Alizadeh M, Pirsa S (2022) Nanocomposite film based on gluten modified with Heracleum persicum Essence/MgO/Polypyrrole: investigation of physicochemical and electrical properties. J Polym Environ 30:954–970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02253-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Meydanju N, Pirsa S, Farzi J (2022) Biodegradable film based on lemon peel powder containing xanthan gum and TiO2–Ag nanoparticles: investigation of physicochemical and antibacterial properties. Polym Test 106:107445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hosseini SN, Pirsa S, Farzi J (2021) Biodegradable nano composite film based on modified starch-albumin/MgO; antibacterial, antioxidant and structural properties. Polym Test 97:107182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Shabkhiz MA, Khalil Pirouzifard M, Pirsa S, Mahdavinia GR (2021) Alginate hydrogel beads containing Thymus daenensis essential oils/Glycyrrhizic acid loaded in β-cyclodextrin. Investigation of structural, antioxidant/antimicrobial properties and release assessment. J Mol Liq 344:117738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jabraili A, Pirsa S, Pirouzifard MK, Amiri S (2021) Biodegradable nanocomposite film based on gluten/silica/calcium chloride: physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds extraction capacity. J Polym Environ 29:2557–2571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02050-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Marandi MS, Pirsa S, Amiri S, Fazeli M (2022) Production of biodegradable films of zein containing mentha asiatica essential oil and copper oxide nanoparticles: investigation of physicochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. J Polym Environ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02486-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yorghanlu RA, Hemmati H, Pirsa S, Makhani A (2021) Production of biodegradable sodium caseinate film containing titanium oxide nanoparticles and grape seed essence and investigation of physicochemical properties. Polym Bull. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03900-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ghasemizad S, Pirsa S, Amiri S, Abdosatari P (2022) Optimization and characterization of bioactive biocomposite film based on orange peel incorporated with gum arabic reinforced by Cr2O3 nanoparticles. J Polym Environ 30:2493–2506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02357-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Rasul NH, Asdagh A, Pirsa S, et al (2022) Development of antimicrobial/antioxidant nanocomposite film based on fish skin gelatin and chickpea protein isolated containing Microencapsulated Nigella sativa essential oil and copper sulfide nanoparticles for extending minced meat shelf life. Mater Res Express 9:. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac50d6

  16. Bhargava A, Alarco JA, Mackinnon IDR et al (1998) Synthesis and characterisation of nanoscale magnesium oxide powders and their application in thick films of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. Mater Lett 34:133–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(97)00148-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Carpenter TO, DeLucia MC, Zhang JH et al (2006) A randomized controlled study of effects of dietary magnesium oxide supplementation on bone mineral content in healthy girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:4866–4872. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Singh V, Singh J, Kushwaha R et al (2020) Assessment of antioxidant activity, minerals and chemical constituents of edible mahua (Madhuca longifolia) flower and fruit of using principal component analysis. Nutr Food Sci. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-04-2020-0129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Makarov VV, Love AJ, Sinitsyna OV et al (2014) “Green” nanotechnologies: Synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Acta Naturae 6:35–44. https://doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2014-6-1-35-44

  20. Sinha J, Singh V, Singh J, AK R (2017) Phytochemistry, ethnomedical uses and future prospects of mahua (Madhuca longifolia) as a food: a review. J Nutr Food Sci 07:1–7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Amini SM (2019) Preparation of antimicrobial metallic nanoparticles with bioactive compounds. Mater Sci Eng C 103:109809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.109809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Marslin G, Siram K, Maqbool Q et al (2018) Secondary metabolites in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Materials (Basel) 11:1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11060940

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhou Y, Lin W, Huang J et al (2010) Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by foliar broths: Roles of biocompounds and other attributes of the extracts. Nanoscale Res Lett 5:1351–1359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-010-9652-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sun S, Zhang X, Yang Q et al (2018) Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) crystals with tailored architectures: A comprehensive review on synthesis, fundamental properties, functional modifications and applications. Prog Mater Sci 96:111–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.03.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Roy A, Roy M, Alghamdi S et al (2022) Role of microbes and nanomaterials in the removal of pesticides from wastewater. Int J Photoenergy 2022:. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2131583

  26. Li X (2012) Size and shape effects on receptor-mediated endocytosis of nanoparticles. J Appl Phys 111:2010–2014. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3676448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. He X, Shi H (2012) Size and shape effects on magnetic properties of Ni nanoparticles. Particuology 10:497–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2011.11.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kolhar P, Anselmo AC, Gupta V et al (2013) Using shape effects to target antibody-coated nanoparticles to lung and brain endothelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:10753–10758. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1308345110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Khan A, Roy A, Bhasin S et al (2022) Nanomaterials: An alternative source for biodegradation of toxic dyes. Food Chem Toxicol 164:112996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.112996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Roy A, Singh V, Sharma S, et al (2022) Antibacterial and dye degradation activity of green synthesized iron nanoparticles. J Nanomater 2022:. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3636481

  31. Do KK, Choi DW, Choa YH, Kim HT (2007) Optimization of parameters for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by Taguchi robust design method. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp 311:170–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.06.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Jahanshahi M, Sanati MH, Babaei Z (2008) Optimization of parameters for the fabrication of gelatin nanoparticles by the Taguchi robust design method. J Appl Stat 35:1345–1353. https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760802382426

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Ghosh SB, Mondal NK (2019) Application of Taguchi method for optimizing the process parameters for the removal of fluoride by Al-impregnated Eucalyptus bark ash. Environ Nanotechnology, MonitManag 11:. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2018.100206

  34. Bindhu MR, Umadevi M, Kavin Micheal M et al (2016) Structural, morphological and optical properties of MgO nanoparticles for antibacterial applications. Mater Lett 166:19–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.12.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Branca C, D’Angelo G, Crupi C et al (2016) Role of the OH and NH vibrational groups in polysaccharide-nanocomposite interactions: A FTIR-ATR study on chitosan and chitosan/clay films. Polymer (Guildf) 99:614–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Mageshwari K, Mali SS, Sathyamoorthy R, Patil PS (2013) Template-free synthesis of MgO nanoparticles for effective photocatalytic applications. Powder Technol 249:456–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.09.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Tharani K, Jegatha Christy A, Sagadevan S, Nehru LC (2021) Fabrication of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using combustion method for a biological and environmental cause. Chem Phys Lett 763:138216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Jeevanandam J, Chan YS, Ku YH (2018) Aqueous eucalyptus globulus leaf extract-mediated biosynthesis of MgO nanorods. Appl Biol Chem 61:197–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-018-0347-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Wolpert M, Hellwig P (2006) Infrared spectra and molar absorption coefficients of the 20 alpha amino acids in aqueous solutions in the spectral range from 1800 to 500 cm-1. Spectrochim Acta - Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 64:987–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2005.08.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Balakrishnan G, Velavan R, Mujasam Batoo K, Raslan EH (2020) Microstructure, optical and photocatalytic properties of MgO nanoparticles. Results Phys 16:103013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Jeevanandam J, Chan YS, Danquah MK (2020) Effect of pH variations on morphological transformation of biosynthesized MgO nanoparticles. Part Sci Technol 38:573–586. https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2019.1566938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Dobrucka R (2018) Synthesis of MgO Nanoparticles using artemisia abrotanum herba extract and their antioxidant and photocatalytic properties. Iran J Sci Technol Trans A Sci 42:547–555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-016-0076-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Jhansi K, Jayarambabu N, Reddy KP, et al (2017) Biosynthesis of MgO nanoparticles using mushroom extract: effect on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed germination. 3 Biotech 7:. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0894-3

  44. Prasad KN, Yang B, Dong X et al (2009) Flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities from Cinnamomum species. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 10:627–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2009.05.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Bhadwal AS, Tripathi RM, Gupta RK et al (2014) Biogenic synthesis and photocatalytic activity of CdS nanoparticles. RSC Adv 4:9484–9490. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra46221h

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Umaralikhan L, Jamal Mohamed Jaffar M (2018) Green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles and it antibacterial activity. Iran J Sci Technol Trans A Sci 42:477–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-016-0041-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Kamarulzaman N, Chayed NF, Badar N et al (2016) Band gap narrowing of 2-D ultra-thin MgO graphene-like sheets. ECS J Solid State Sci Technol 5:Q3038–Q3045. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0081611jss

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Abdulkhaleq NA, Nayef UM, Albarazanchi AKH (2020) MgO nanoparticles synthesis via laser ablation stationed on porous silicon for photoconversion application. Optik (Stuttg) 212:164793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164793

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Yamamoto O, Sawai J, Sasamoto T (2000) Change in antibacterial characteristics with doping amount of ZnO in MgO – ZnO solid solution. 2:451–454

  50. Yamamoto O, Ohira T, Alvarez K, Fukuda M (2010) Antibacterial characteristics of CaCO 3 – MgO composites. 173:208–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2009.12.007

  51. Tang Z, Lv B (2014) MgO nanoparticles as antibacterial agent : preparation and activity. 31:591–601

  52. Stoimenov PK, Klinger RL, Marchin GL, Klabunde KJ (2002) Metal oxide nanoparticles as bactericidal agents. 6679–6686

  53. Sawai J, Shiga H, Kojima H (2001) Kinetic analysis of death of bacteria in CaO powder slurry. 47:23–26

  54. Strehlow WH, Cook EL (1973) Compilation of Energy band gaps in elemental and binary compound semiconductors and insulators. J Phys Chem Ref Data 2:163–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India

    Pranali Kurhade, Shyam Kodape & Kunjan Junghare

  2. Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India

    Atul Wankhade

Authors
  1. Pranali Kurhade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shyam Kodape
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kunjan Junghare
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Atul Wankhade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Pranali studied and worked over the general mechanism and synthesis processes of MgO nanoparticles involving green synthesis and performed the analytical tests for the samples. Dr. S. M. Kodape studied and worked over different methodologies involved in the preparation of Mahua flower extracts. Kunjan Junghare studied whether the concentration variation affects the morphology of the finished product. Dr. Atul Wankhade investigated the requisite analytical techniques for confirming successful outcomes. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shyam Kodape.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kurhade, P., Kodape, S., Junghare, K. et al. Green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using the flower extracts of Madhuca longifolia and study of their morphological and antimicrobial properties. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03452-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03452-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation