Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Adsorption of nitrate from municipal wastewater by synthesized chitosan/iron/activated carbon of orange peel composite

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The target in this perusal was to remove nitrate from municipal effluent by a composite of orange peel activated carbon/chitosan/iron synthesized via sono-chemical method. The chitosan was synthesized from prawn shells via sono-chemical method. Identification of the composite functional groups, the morphology of its surface and pores, and porosity properties were investigated by FTIR, SEM, and BET techniques. The effect of solution pH (1–6), adsorbent amount (0.05–0.15 g), and pollutant concentration (20–100 mg/L) on the nitrate adsorption operation was investigated via the batch process and the optimal operating conditions were determined using the central composite design (CCD). The breakthrough curves of the continuous adsorption process were investigated through Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and Bohart-Adams patterns. The results offered that the adsorption confirmed the pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 1). Also, among the studied isotherms, the Langmuir pattern described well the adsorption of nitrate upon the composite (R2 = 0.9999) and the maximum adsorption valence was 263.157 mg/g composite. The optimum pH of nitrate uptake was 2.023. Nitrate uptake was increased by decreasing temperature, indicating that the process was exothermic. Nitrate removal efficiency with composite was estimated to be 99.58%. The equilibrium capacity of the Thomas model in the continuous process is close to the experimental adsorption capacity (qeq) obtained from the breakthrough curves. In general, it can be said that the composite of orange peel activated carbon/prawn shell chitosan/iron has a good performance in the process of nitrate ion adsorption in a discontinuous (batch) and continuous adsorption process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Mehrabi N, Soleimani M, Yeganeh MM, Sharififard H (2015) Parameter optimization for nitrate removal from water using activated carbon and composite of activated carbon and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 5(64):51470–51482. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA03920G

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mishra PC, Patel RK (2009) Use of agricultural waste for the removal of nitrate-nitrogen from aqueous medium. J Environ Manage 90(1):519–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.12.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Rodríguez-Maroto JM, García-Herruzo F, García-Rubio A, Gómez-Lahoz C, Vereda-Alonso C (2009) Kinetics of the chemical reduction of nitrate by zero-valent iron. Chemosphere 74(6):804–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Zendehbad M, Mostaghelchi M, Mojganfar M, Cepuder P, Loiskandl W (2022) Nitrate in groundwater and agricultural products: intake and risk assessment in northeastern Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Accepted Manuscr. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20831-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Water S, World Health O (2006) Guidelines for drinking-water quality [electronic resource]: incorporating first addendum. Vol. 1, Recommendations.

  6. Sadeq M, Moe CL, Attarassi B, Cherkaoui I, Elaouad R, Idrissi L (2008) Drinking water nitrate and prevalence of methemoglobinemia among infants and children aged 1–7 years in Moroccan areas. Int J Hyg Environ Health 211:546–554

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Cho DW, Chon CM, Jeon BH, Kim Y, Khan MA, Song H (2010) The role of clay minerals in the reduction of nitrate in groundwater by zero-valent iron. Chemosphere 81(5):611–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chatterjee S, Lee DS, Lee MW, Woo SH (2009) Nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by cross-linked chitosan beads conditioned with sodium bisulfate. J Hazard Mater 166(1):508–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ahmadi M, Rahmani H, Ramavandi B, Kakavandi B (2017) Removal of nitrate from aqueous solution using activated carbon modified with Fenton reagents. Desalin Water Treat 76:265–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Dongre RS (2018) Phosphate & nitrate removal from agricultural runoff by chitosan-graphite composite. Research & Development in Material Science 11

  11. Alighardashi A, KashitarashEsfahani Z, Najafi F (2019) Investigating the efficiency of functionalized PAMAM-GO nano-composite for nitrate removal from aqua solutions. J Water and Wastewater Ab va Fazilab (in persian) 29(6):79–90

    Google Scholar 

  12. Robles-Jimarez HR, Sanjuan-Navarro L, Jornet-Martinez N, Primaz CT, Teruel-Juanes R, Molins-Legua C, Ribes-Greus A, Campins-Falco P (2022) New silica based adsorbent material from rice straw and its in-flow application to nitrate reduction in waters: process sustainability and scale-up possibilities. Sci Total Environ 805:150317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Pourkhabbaz A, Zeidi A, Mehrjo F (2020) Survey of nitrate removal method from aqueous solutions using Titanium dioxide nano-photocatalyst. Journal of Health 10(4):396–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wu K, Li Y, Liu T, Huang Q, Yang S, Wang W, Jin P (2019) The simultaneous adsorption of nitrate and phosphate by an organic-modified aluminum-manganese bimetal oxide: adsorption properties and mechanisms. Appl Surf Sci 478:539–551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Fotsing PN, Bouazizi N, Woumfo ED, Mofaddel N, Le-Derf F, Vieillard J (2021) Investigation of chromate and nitrate removal by adsorption at the surface of an amine-modified cocoa shell adsorbent. J Environ Chem Eng 9:104618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Tsuchiya Y, Yamaya Y, Amano Y, Machida M (2021) Effect of two types of adsorption sites of activated carbon fibers on nitrate ion adsorption. J Environ Manage 289:112484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hydari H, Sharififard H, Nabavinia M, Parvizi MR (2012) A comparative investigation on removal performances of commercial activated carbon, chitosan biosorbent and chitosan/activated carbon composite for cadmium. Chem Eng J 193–194:276–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sharififard H, Shahraki ZH, Rezvanpanah E, Hosseini Rad H (2018) A novel natural chitosan/activated carbon/iron bio-nanocomposite: sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and application for cadmium removal in batch and continuous adsorption process. Biores Technol 270:562–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Vinayagam R, Pai S, Murugesan G, Varadavenkatesan T, Kaviyarasu K, Selvaraj R (2022) Green synthesized hydroxyapatite nanoadsorbent for the adsorptive removal of AB113 dye for environmental applications. Environ Res 212:113274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pai S, Srinivas Kini M, Mythili R, Selvaraj R (2022) Adsorptive removal of AB113 dye using green synthesized hydroxyapatite/magnetite nanocomposite. Environ Res 210:112951

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Sodhani H, Hedaoo S, Murugesan G, Pai S, Vinayagam R, Varadaven katesan T, Bharath G, Haija MA, Nadda AK, Govarthanan M, Selvaraj R, (2022) Adsorptive removal of Acid Blue 113 using hydroxyapatite nanoadsorbents synthesized using Peltophorum pterocarpum pod extract. Chemosphere 299:134752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Shahraki ZH, Sharififard H, Lashanizadegan A (2018) Grape stalks biomass as raw material for activated carbon production: synthesis, characterization and adsorption ability. Materials Research Express 5(5):055603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ahmad K, Shah IA, Ali S, Khan MT, Ahmed Qureshi MB, Ali Shah SH, Ali A, Rashid W, Gul HN (2022) Synthesis and evaluation of Ca-doped ferrihydrite as a novel adsorbent for the efficient removal of fluoride. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:6375–6388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Taşar Ş, Kaya F, Özer A (2014) Biosorption of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution by peanut shells: equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies. J Environ Chem Eng 2(2):1018–1026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Vázquez G, Freire MS, González-Alvarez J, Antorrena G (2009) Equilibrium and kinetic modelling of the adsorption of Cd2+ ions onto chestnut shell. Desalination 249(2):855–860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hu Z, Lei L, Li Y, Ni Y (2003) Chromium adsorption on high-performance activated carbons from aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 31(1):13–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Barkat M, Nibou D, Chegrouche S, Mellah A (2009) Kinetics and thermodynamics studies of chromium (VI) ions adsorption onto activated carbon from aqueous solutions. Chem Eng Process 48(1):38–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ali RM, Hamad HA, Hussein MM, Malash GF (2016) Potential of using green adsorbent of heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions: adsorption kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamic, mechanism and economic analysis. Ecol Eng 91:317–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Deniz F (2014) Potential use of shell biomass (Juglans regia L.) for dye removal: relationships between kinetic pseudo-second-order model parameters and biosorption efficiency. Desalination and Water Treatment 52(1–3):219–226

  30. Naushad M, Khan MA, Alothman ZA, Khan MR, Kumar M (2015) Adsorption of methylene blue on chemically modified pine nut shells in single and binary systems: isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. Desalin Water Treat 57:15848–15861

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Sharififard H, Pepe F, Soleimani M, Aprea P, Caputo D (2016) Iron-activated carbon nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization and application for lead removal from aqueous solution. RSC Adv 6(49):42845–42853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Boyd GE, Adamson AW, Myers LS Jr, LS, (1947) The exchange adsorption of ions from aqueous solutions by organic zeolites II Kinetics1. J American Chem Soc 69(11):2836–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Limousin G, Gaudet JP, Charlet L, Szenknect S, Barthes V, Krimissa M (2007) Sorption isotherms: a review on physical bases, modeling and measurement. Appl Geochem 22(2):249–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Mohan D, Pittman CU Jr (2006) Activated carbons and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri-and hexavalent chromium from water. J Hazard Mater 137(2):762–811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Beyki MH, Alijani H, Fazli Y (2016) Poly o-phenylenediamine–MgAl@ CaFe2O4 nanohybrid for effective removing of lead (II), chromium (III) and anionic azo dye. Process Saf Environ Prot 102:687–699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Asgarzadeh S, Rostamian R, Faez E, Maleki A, Daraei H (2016) Biosorption of Pb (II), Cu (II), and Ni (II) ions onto novel lowcost P eldarica leaves-based biosorbent isotherm, kinetics, and operational parameters investigation. Desalination and Water Treat 57(31):14544–14551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Febrianto J, Kosasih AN, Sunarso J, Ju YH, Indraswati N, Ismadji S (2009) Equilibrium and kinetic studies in adsorption of heavy metals using biosorbent: a summary of recent studies. J Hazard Mater 162(2–3):616–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sağ Y, Aktay Y (2002) Kinetic studies on sorption of Cr (VI) and Cu (II) ions by chitin, chitosan and Rhizopus arrhizus. Biochem Eng J 12(2):143–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Namasivayam C, Sangeetha D (2006) Removal and recovery of vanadium (V) by adsorption onto ZnCl 2 activated carbon: kinetics and isotherms. Adsorption 12(2):103–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Elouear Z, Bouzid J, Boujelben N, Feki M, Jamoussi F, Montiel A (2008) Heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions by activated phosphate rock. J Hazard Mater 156(1–3):412–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Namasivayam C, Sureshkumar MV (2009) Removal and recovery of Molybdenum from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto surfactant‐modified Coir Pith, a lignocellulosic polymer. CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water 37(1):60–66.

  42. Mathialagan T, Viraraghavan T (2009) Biosorption of pentachlorophenol from aqueous solutions by a fungal biomass. Biores Technol 100(2):549–558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Thomas HC (1944) Heterogeneous ion exchange in a flowing system. J Am Chem Soc 66(10):1664–1666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Lim AP, Aris AZ (2014) Continuous fixed-bed column study and adsorption modeling: removal of cadmium (II) and lead (II) ions in aqueous solution by dead calcareous skeletons. Biochem Eng J 87:50–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Ahmad AA, Idris A, Hameed BH (2014) Modeling of disperse dye adsorption onto bamboo-based activated carbon in fixed-bed column. Desalin Water Treat 52(1–3):248–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Sharififard H, Soleimani M (2015) Performance comparison of activated carbon and ferric oxide-hydroxide–activated carbon nanocomposite as vanadium(v) ion adsorbents. RSC Adv 5:80650–80660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Hariani PL, Faizal M, Ridwan R, Marsi M, Setiabudidaya D (2018) Removal of Procion Red MX-5B from songket’s industrial wastewater in South Sumatra Indonesia using activated carbon-Fe3O4 composite. Sustain Environ Res 28:158–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Siddeeg SM, Tahoon MA, Mnif W, Rebah FB (2020) Iron oxide/chitosan magnetic nanocomposite immobilized manganese peroxidase for decolorization of textile wastewater. Processes 8:5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Sowmya SR, Madhu GM, Sankannavar R, Yerragolla S (2021) Adsorption using chitosan and nano zerovalent iron composite material for sustainable water treatment. Materials Research Express 8:024001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Amininejad M, Maroosi A, Broomandnasab S, Moazed H, Farasat M (2019) Evaluation of nitrate removal from aqueous solution by nanostructure of Conocarpus. Irrigation and Water Engineering 10(1):166–179

    Google Scholar 

  51. Zazouli MA (2019) Study on performance of walnut shells adsorbent in nitrate removal from the aqueous solutions. Environ Health 5(2):144–153

    Google Scholar 

  52. Bafkar A, Baboli N (2018) Investigation of the efficiency of nitrate removal from aqueous solution using oak leaf nanostructure adsorbent. J Water and Soil Conserv 25(5):233–247

    Google Scholar 

  53. Marezi M, Farahbakhsh M, Kheial S (2016) Kinetics and isotherm of nitrate sorption from aqueous solution using biochar. Water and Soil Sci 26(1–1):1450–2158

    Google Scholar 

  54. Boostani F, Sharififard H, Lahanizadegan A, Darvishi P (2022) Desulphurisation of liquid fuel using adsorption nto bio-based activated carbon modified with chitosan and Fe ions. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry Accepted 04 May 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2022.2076222.

  55. Mohammadi A, Ardjmand M (2022) Management and removal of nitrate contamination of water at the source using modified natural nano zeolite. Anal Methods in Environ Chem J 5(01):36–48

    Google Scholar 

  56. Quang HHP, Phan KT, Dinh NT, Thi TNT, Kajitvichyanukul P, Raizada P, Singh P, Nguyen VH (2022) Using ZrO2 coated sludge from drinking water treatment plant as a novel adsorbent for nitrate removal from contaminated water. Environ Res 212:113410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Akbarpour R, Hajebrahimi Z, Dolatabadi M (2021) Removing nitrate from contaminated water using activated carbon prepared from hard pistachio shells. Pistachio and Health J 4(2):28–39

    Google Scholar 

  58. Stjepanović M, Velić N, Habuda-Stanić M (2022) Modified hazelnut shells as a novel adsorbent for the removal of nitrate from wastewater. Water 14(5):816

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Herath A, Reid C, Perez F, Pittman CU Jr, Mlsna TE (2021) Biochar-supported polyaniline hybrid for aqueous chromium and nitrate adsorption. J Environ Manage 296:113186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Alagha O, Manzar MS, Zubair M, Anil I, Mu’azu ND, Qureshi A, (2020) Magnetic Mg-Fe/LDH intercalated activated carbon composites for nitrate and phosphate removal from wastewater: Insight into behavior and mechanisms. Nanomaterials 10(7):1361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Hu Q, Liu H, Zhang Z, Xie Y (2020) Nitrate removal from aqueous solution using polyaniline modified activated carbon: optimization and characterization. J Mol Liq 309:113057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Shojaipour M, Ghaemy M, Amininasab SM (2020) Removal of NO3− ions from water using bioadsorbent based on gum tragacanth carbohydrate biopolymer. Carbohyd Polym 227:115367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Pan J, Gao B, Song W, Xu X, Yue Q (2020) Modified biogas residues as an eco-friendly and easily-recoverable biosorbent for nitrate and phosphate removals from surface water. J Hazard Mater 382:121073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Li J, Dong S, Wang Y, Dou X, Hao H (2020) Nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by magnetic cationic hydrogel: effect of electrostatic adsorption and mechanism. J Environ Sci 91:177–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

    Khadijeh Amirsadat, Hakimeh Sharififard & Asghar lashanizadegan

Authors
  1. Khadijeh Amirsadat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hakimeh Sharififard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Asghar lashanizadegan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

KAS (Khadijeh Amirsadat) conducted the experiments and also co-wrote the article. HSH (Hakimeh Sharififard) has analyzed identification analyses and the results and has also participated in writing the text. AL (Asghar lashanizadegan) also participated in the analysis of the results. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hakimeh Sharififard.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 571 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Amirsadat, K., Sharififard, H. & lashanizadegan, A. Adsorption of nitrate from municipal wastewater by synthesized chitosan/iron/activated carbon of orange peel composite. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03198-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03198-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation