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A cold-active cellulase produced from Exiguobacterium sibiricum K1 for the valorization of agro-residual resources

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Abstract

In the cold regions, the problem of efficient degradation of agro-residual waste can be overwhelmed by bioprospecting the extremozymes from cold-adapted microorganisms. The compost habitat provides a hostile environment that harbours an enormous group of microbial communities with potential hydrolytic activities. Exploring these microorganisms would be beneficial to avert the crop residual resources to fulfil the future resource demand. In the present study, a cold-adapted bacterium, Exiguobacterium sibiricum K1, with cellulase activity, was isolated from the compost sample of Sikkim, India. Under optimized conditions, the maximum cellulase production achieved was 3.8 U/mL at 15 ℃ and pH 5. The bacterial cold-active cellulase was investigated to degrade four agro-residual wastes, namely sugar cane bagasse, wheat bran, corn stover, and oil-extracted lemongrass. In scanning electron micrographs, the enzyme-treated wastes showed structural breakages in the form of pores and cracks. However, no significant changes were observed in the untreated groups. Furthermore, the hydrolysate in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed the release of thirteen products in both sugar cane bagasse and wheat bran enzymolysis. However, twelve products were found in corn stover and fourteen in lemongrass degradation. The products were categorized into alcohol, saccharide, acid, ketone, ester, alkane, aldehyde, and furan. Additionally, the hydrolysate showed the availability of several phytonutrients such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, and K in enzyme-treated test groups compared to the untreated waste. Hence, applying hydrolysate to soil may help enhance soil quality by providing nutrients essential to plant growth. Thus, microbial intervention could be a better treatment strategy to manage agro-residual waste in cold regions and resource recovery that will contribute to an eco-friendly environment and sustainable bio-economy in the future.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to the Department of Forest, Govt. of Sikkim, and the Sikkim State Council of Science and Technology for their support in sample collection. The authors duly acknowledge Mrs. Vijaylata Pathania for GC-MS, Dr. Avnesh Kumari for SEM analysis, and Mr. Ramdeen Prasad for AAS analysis. This manuscript represents CSIR-IHBT communication no 5113.

Funding

SK is financially supported by the NMHS project of MoEF&CC (sanction no. GBPNI/NMHS-2018–19/SG/178) to work on the aspect of waste management in the Indian Himalayan regions. AK is supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology Government of India (DBT/JRF/BET-17/I/2017/AL/367) through PhD studentship award. The project is financially supported by the DST-TDT project no. DST/TDT/WM/2019/43DST.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Himachal Pradesh, Post Box No. 06, Palampur, 176 061, India

    Sareeka Kumari, Anil Kumar & Rakshak Kumar

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Sareeka Kumari, Anil Kumar & Rakshak Kumar

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  1. Sareeka Kumari
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Sareeka Kumari: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, visualization, validation, writing—original draft. Anil Kumar: methodology, investigation, validation, writing—original draft. Rakshak Kumar: conceptualization, resources, supervision, writing—review and editing, finalizing the manuscript, project administration, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Rakshak Kumar.

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Kumari, S., Kumar, A. & Kumar, R. A cold-active cellulase produced from Exiguobacterium sibiricum K1 for the valorization of agro-residual resources. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 14777–14787 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03031-w

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