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Bio-inspired hierarchical porous activated carbon aerogel from waste corrugated cardboard for adsorption of oxytetracycline from water

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Abstract

The production of value-added materials from waste corrugated cardboard (WCC) is an important problem. Inspired by birds' nest and octopus sucker, a monolithic hierarchical porous activated carbon aerogel was fabricated from WCC via ethanol evaporation-induced drying, carbonization and iron-catalyzed CO2 activation. Pore formation mechanism was revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and pore size distribution. The effectiveness of the product to remove oxytetracycline (OTC) from aqueous solution was compared with that of commercial granular activated carbon. The product possessed high specific surface area (878 m2 g1) and large total pore volume (0.787 m2 g1). The reactions of carbon, CO2 and iron species occurred between 720 and 910 °C favored the formation of pores during CO2 activation. OTC maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the product (227 mg g1) was 32% higher than that of the commercial activated carbon, because the product contained more mesopores with diameters ranging from 2.14 to 3.78 nm. Adsorption kinetics of OTC on the floatable activated carbon aerogel followed pseudo-second-order kinetics model, and the adsorption rate was faster than that for the sinking commercial activated carbon, because pores exposed on the surface of carbon fibers in the activated carbon aerogel guaranteed rapid diffusion of OTC. This work paved a new way to convert WCC into carbon aerogel-based adsorbents for water treatment.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51909292), and Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institution (K-JBYWF-2021-ZT04, K-JBYWF-2019-ZT02). The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Yan Gao

  2. Research Team for Environmental Functional Materials, Department of Environmental Technology, The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization (ISDMU), Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Tianjin, 300192, China

    Yizhong Zhang & Yuhui Ma

  3. Tianjin Haiyue Water Treatment High-Tech Co, Ltd, Tianjin, 300192, China

    Yuhui Ma

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Yan Gao: Investigation, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft.

Yizhong Zhang: Investigation, Writing—original draft.

Yuhui Ma: Funding acquisition, Supervision, Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Yuhui Ma.

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Gao, Y., Zhang, Y. & Ma, Y. Bio-inspired hierarchical porous activated carbon aerogel from waste corrugated cardboard for adsorption of oxytetracycline from water. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 8877–8894 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02936-w

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