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Pyrolytic utilization of a typical halophyte: Suaeda glauca—the excellent adsorbent raw material for bisphenol S removal

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Abstract

Suaeda glauca (SG), widely applied to restore salinized land, was used to prepare biochar (activated) for the adsorption of bisphenol S (BPS) from water. SG had a high cellulose content and uniform salt ion distribution. The migration pathway of salt ions in halophytes was analyzed via energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Phosphoric acid impregnation could lead to the leaching of 80.52% of salt ions from SG. The products had high specific surface area (1339 m2/g) and adsorption capacity for BPS (437 mg/g). Response surface methodology indicated that pH and temperature could significantly influence the adsorption capacity. Molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry were used to describe the adsorption process and mechanism. By comparing the pore size distribution and adsorption capacity of different carbons with the simulation results of molecular dynamics, it can be discovered that the effect of micropore size on pollutant adsorption is verifiable through graphite layer modeling. Meanwhile, the presence of salt ions had no significant effect on BPS adsorption capacity. The absorption mechanism might be ascribed to a large specific surface area and π–π bond interactions.

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Acknowledgements

We want to acknowledge anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.

Funding

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Major Projects of Shandong Province (2020CXGC011406), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2019QEE034), National Natural Science Foundation of China (51908343), Youth Innovation Technology Project of Higher School in Shandong Province (2019KJD003) and the Introduction and Cultivation Plan for Young Innovative Talents of Colleges and Universities by the Education Department of Shandong Province.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China

    Fulin Shao, Jingtao Xu, Xuewu Zhu, Chongxiao Lu, Yanzhao Fu & Ruimin Mu

  2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China

    Yuming Jing & Jian Zhang

  3. Shandong Huankeyuan Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Jinan, 250013, P. R. China

    Yuming Jing

  4. College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China

    Congcong Zhao

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  1. Fulin Shao
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Contributions

Conceptualization: FS and JX. Methodology: FS, JX, YJ, CZ, and XZ. Formal analysis and investigation: FS. Writing — original draft preparation: FS. Writing — review and editing: FS and JX. Funding acquisition: JX, CZ, and RM. Supervision: JX, CZ, CL, YF, JZ, and RM.

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Correspondence to Jingtao Xu.

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Shao, F., Xu, J., Jing, Y. et al. Pyrolytic utilization of a typical halophyte: Suaeda glauca—the excellent adsorbent raw material for bisphenol S removal. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 8041–8055 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02859-6

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