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Evaluation of carbamazepine removal from aqueous medium using a combined method of ozonation and calcium alginate immobilized Aspergillus niger

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Abstract

Carbamazepine is a pharmaceutical compound used as an anticonvulsant for epilepsy and can enter the environment through the improper treatment of hospital wastewater. This study aimed to investigate the removal of carbamazepine from aqueous media using a combined method. The innovation of this study is a combination of ozonation and immobilization of Aspergillus niger with calcium alginate which is a biological method and has been less used in other studies. Using these methods, we were able to achieve a high efficiency of carbamazepine removal. The effect of factors such as pH (3–11), carbamazepine concentration (5–15 ppm), injectable ozone dose (200–400 mg/h), and reaction time (15–180 s) in the ozonation phase was investigated. Also, the effects of Aspergillus niger before ozonation and calcium alginate inoculated on Aspergillus niger at incubation time (24–96 h) were studied in the biological and combined stages of both methods of removal efficiency. Samples were analyzed to measure carbamazepine using HPLC. The results indicated that in the ozonation phase, the removal efficiency of carbamazepine at 5, 7, and 11pH was 21%, 66%, and 81%, respectively; furthermore, at the carbamazepine concentration of 5, 10, and 15 ppm, it was 66%, 72%, and 91%, respectively. Also, the injectable ozone dose (200–400 mg/h) was 66 and 78%, respectively, and it increased from 5 to 100% at the reaction time (15–180 s). At the same concentration of 15 ppm and incubation time (24–96 h) for the biological phase, the percentage of removal of Aspergillus niger with pre-ozonation increased from 70 to 91%. The percentage of removal for calcium alginate immobilized Aspergillus niger increased from 41 to 64%, and removal efficiency in the combined method was 93%. The results showed that the ozonation process due to high oxidation power with 81% removal could directly or indirectly affect the degradation of carbamazepine, and by combining with the biological method, it increased carbamazepine removal efficiency.

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Acknowledgements

This research has been carried out as a Master’s thesis sponsored by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

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  1. School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Khadijeh Darabi, Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor & Mansooreh Dehghani

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  1. Khadijeh Darabi
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Darabi, K., Azhdarpoor, A. & Dehghani, M. Evaluation of carbamazepine removal from aqueous medium using a combined method of ozonation and calcium alginate immobilized Aspergillus niger. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 3513–3522 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02539-5

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