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Development of ZnO/MOGAC nanocomposites for enhanced photocatalytic removal of PO43− and NO3- ions from wastewater under various light irradiations

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Abstract

The elimination of phosphates and nitrates in contaminated water is a challenging environmental issue, especially in a large-scale context. Therefore, the aim of this work is the fabrication of zinc oxide (ZnO)/Moringa oleifera gum activated carbon (MOGAC) nanocomposites constructed by the sol–gel method and applied to the photocatalytic removal of PO43− and NO3− in aqueous solutions under different light irradiations. The phase composition and morphology of the MOGAC, ZnO NPs, and ZnO/MOGAC NCs were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FESEM-EDS, UV–Vis-DRS, and BET analyzer. The FESEM image of MOGAC reveals the micro- and mesopores on its surface, which resembles a honeycomb voids-like structure. The bandgap energy values of the ZnO and ZnO/MOGAC NCs were 3.2 eV and 3.4 eV, respectively, which were corresponding to the reflectance wavelength of 420 nm. The surface range of ZnO/MOGAC NCs resolute was recorded as 172.71 m2/g. The removal performance of the ZnO/MOGAC NCs in various pH, catalyst dose, contact times, and varying substrate ion concentrations was assessed. The removal experimental results exposed that the red LED spectrum and 10 mg of ZnO/MOGAC NCs removed PO43− and NO3− ions to 95% after 105 and 90 min of irradiation, respectively. Also, the ZnO/MOGAC NCs sustained good stability after four cycles of PO43− and NO3− removal.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by University Grants Commission-Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Programme (Sanction Number: F1-17.1/2016–17/RGNF-2015–17-SC-TAM-1534) for their financial support. The authors also are thankful to the Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu-636 011, India, for providing all the required facilities in relation to this research work. Also, authors thank Taif University Researchers, supporting project number TURSP-2020/91, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Finally, this study also is thankful to Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and South Ural State University for extending support for research collaboration as visiting senior researcher.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea

    Velu Manikandan

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India

    Velu Manikandan, Duraisamy Elango & Palaniyappan Jayanthi

  3. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea

    Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian

  4. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China

    Bandna Bharti

  5. Centre for Material Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, 600073, Tamil Nadu, India

    Palanivel Velmurugan

  6. Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Rathinasamy Baskaran

  7. Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Hesam Kamyab

  8. Department of Electric Power Stations, Network and Supply Systems, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Prospekt Lenina, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

    Hesam Kamyab

  9. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Magda H. Abdellattif

  10. Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan

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  1. Velu Manikandan
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Contributions

Conceptualization: V.M., H.K., B.Ba., P.J; Writing manuscript draft: V.M., B.Ba.; Formal analysis and Methodology: B.B.,V.M., D.E; Data Curation: V.M., P.V., B.Bh., P.J; Data validation and interpretation: P.V., R.B., S.C., H.K.,; Writing: Review and Editing: H.K.,M.H.A., S.C., P.V., R.B.; Supervision: P.J., P.V. All Authors revised and approved the final article.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hesam Kamyab or Palaniyappan Jayanthi.

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Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian is equal contributor as the first author.

Highlights

• Pure ZnO NPs and ZnO/MOGAC NCs were fabricated by the sol–gel method

• 95% of PO43− and NO3− ions were removed by ZnO/MOGAC NCs via red LED irradiation

• Post-treated ZnO/MOGAC NCs revealed considerable morphological changes

• 80% of PO43- and NO3- ions removal from domestic wastewater by ZnO/MOGAC NCs

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Manikandan, V., Balasubramanian, B., Bharti, B. et al. Development of ZnO/MOGAC nanocomposites for enhanced photocatalytic removal of PO43− and NO3- ions from wastewater under various light irradiations. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02173-7

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