Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Drying behavior for Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae with the new system: exergy analysis and RSM modeling

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, drying kinetics of Arapgir purple basil leaves under the isothermal and non-isothermal conditions have been investigated. Effective methods were evaluated by drying freshly collected basil leaves in the sun, isothermal, and non-isothermal systems. Energy efficiency was compared in different drying processes by performing exergy analysis in the drying process. It has been observed that the energy consumed and lost especially in the convection drying system (tray dryer) is very high. In the experiments performed in the PID (proportional integral derivative) system, the lowest efficiency was found in the isothermal process. Accordingly, the most suitable system in exergy efficiency was determined as the non-isothermal PID system. Maximum energy loss and minimum exergy efficiency were found at 45 °C temperature and 3.0 m/s airflow rate in the convection drying process. Exergy efficiencies were found to be approximately 4% in the convection tray dryer, 26% in the PID system under isothermal conditions, and 32% in the PID system under non-isothermal conditions. Optimization parameters in the drying process were determined by the response surface methodology (RSM), and the kinetic models were compared with the help of statistical analyses in the experiments. Midilli and Kucuk model has been found as the most compatible kinetic equation with the experimental data. According to this model results, correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.990), sum of squared error (SSE˂0.005), chi-square (χ2˂1·10−5), and root mean square error (RMSE˂0.003) values have been evaluated.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Altay K, Hayaloglu AA, Dirim SN (2019) Determination of the drying kinetics and energy efficiency of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves using different drying methods. Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- Und Stoffuebertragung, 55(8), 2173–2184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02570-9

  2. Amini G, Salehi F, Rasouli M (2021) Drying kinetics of basil seed mucilage in an infrared dryer: application of GA-ANN and ANFIS for the prediction of drying time and moisture ratio. J Food Process Preserv 45(3):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.15258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Calín-Sánchez Á, Lech K, Szumny A, Figiel A, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA (2012) Volatile composition of sweet basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by drying method. Food Res Int, 48(1), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.03.015

  4. Díaz-Maroto MC, Palomo ES, Castro L, González Viñas MA, Pérez-Coello MS (2004) Changes produced in the aroma compounds and structural integrity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L) during drying. J Sci Food Agric 84(15):2070–2076. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1921

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. El-Sebaii AA, Shalaby SM (2012) Solar drying of agricultural products: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16(1):37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kadam DM, Goyal RK, Gupta MK (2011) Mathematical modeling of convective thin layer drying of basil leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 5(19):4721–4730

    Google Scholar 

  7. Orphanides A, Goulas V, Gekas V (2016) Drying technologies: vehicle to high-quality herbs. Food Engineering Reviews 8(2):164–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12393-015-9128-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Erbay Z, Hepbasli A (2014) Application of conventional and advanced exergy analyses to evaluate the performance of a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) dryer used in food drying. Energy Convers Manage 78:499–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.11.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Gungor A, Tsatsaronis G, Gunerhan H, Hepbasli A (2015) Advanced exergoeconomic analysis of a gas engine heat pump (GEHP) for food drying processes. Energy Convers Manage 91:132–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hernández JA, Pavón G, Garcı́a MA (2000) Analytical solution of mass transfer equation considering shrinkage for modeling food-drying kinetics. J Food Eng, 45(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00033-9

  11. Malekjani N, Jafari SM (2018) Simulation of food drying processes by computational fluid dynamics (CFD); recent advances and approaches. Trends Food Sci Technol 78:206–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.06.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nagaya K, Li Y, Jin Z, Fukumuro M, Ando Y, Akaishi A (2006) Low-temperature desiccant-based food drying system with airflow and temperature control. J Food Eng 75(1):71–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.03.051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Shahi NC, Singh A, Kate AE (2014) Activation energy kinetics in thin layer drying of basil leaves. Int J Sci Res (IJSR) ISSN, 3(7), 1836–1840. www.ijsr.net

  14. Picado A, Martínez J (2006) Cinética de Secado de la Levadura Cervecera (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Nexo Revista Científica 19(1):49–56

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bennamoun L, Khama R, Léonard A (2015) Convective drying of a single cherry tomato: modeling and experimental study. Food Bioprod Process 94:114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2015.02.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Londer BEB, Uzzard VAB, Imova IRS, Loat LIS, Oyle BRADB, Ipson REL, Eaucage BRAG, Ndrade ANA, Arber BEB, Arnes CHB, Ushey DHB, Artagena PAC, Haney MAXC, Ontreras KAC, Ox MAC, Ueto MAYAC, Urtis CAC, Isher MAF, Urst LIF, … Nquist BRJE (2012) The Leaf - area shrinkage effect can bias paleoclimate and aleoclimate and ecology Research1. 99(11), 1756–1763. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200062

  17. Goula AM, Chasekioglou AN, Lazarides HN (2015) Drying and shrinkage kinetics of solid waste of olive oil processing. Drying Technol 33(14):1728–1738. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2015.1026983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Aydoğmuş E, Arslanoğlu H (2021) Kinetics of thermal decomposition of the polyester nanocomposites. Pet Sci Technol 39(13–14):484–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2021.1937218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Linghu R, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Huang L, Sun G, Zhang S (2019) Combustion reaction kinetics of char from in-situ or ex-situ pyrolysis of oil shale. Oil Shale 36(3):392–409. https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2019.3.03

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Khawam A, Flanagan DR (2006) Solid-state kinetic models: basics and mathematical fundamentals. J Phys Chem B 110(35):17315–17328. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp062746a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Aghbashlo M, Mobli H, Rafiee S, Madadlou A (2013) A review on exergy analysis of drying processes and systems. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 22:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gulcimen F, Karakaya H, Durmus A (2016) Drying of sweet basil with solar air collectors. Renewable Energy 93:77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Karthikeyan AK, Murugavelh S (2018) Thin layer drying kinetics and exergy analysis of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in a mixed mode forced convection solar tunnel dryer. Renewable Energy 128:305–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ravula SR, Munagala SR, Arepally D, Ravula PR, Golla S (2017) Mathematical modelling and estimation of effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy, exergy analysis of thin layer drying of pineapple. J Experiment Biol Agricult Sci, 5(2), 390–401. https://doi.org/10.18006/2017.5(3).392.401

  25. Arslan D, Musa Özcan M (2008) Evaluation of drying methods with respect to drying kinetics, mineral content and colour characteristics of rosemary leaves. Energy Convers Manage 49(5):1258–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.08.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Gunhan T, Demir V, Hancioglu E, Hepbasli A (2005) Mathematical modelling of drying of bay leaves. Energy Convers Manage 46(11–12):1667–1679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2004.10.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Orhan R, Aydoğmuş E, Topuz S, Arslanoğlu H (2021) Investigation of thermo-mechanical characteristics of borax reinforced polyester composites. Journal of Building Engineering 42(July):103051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Shirzad H, Niknam V, Taheri M, Ebrahimzadeh H (2017) Ultrasound-assisted extraction process of phenolic antioxidants from Olive leaves: a nutraceutical study using RSM and LC–ESI–DAD–MS. J Food Sci Technol 54(8):2361–2371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2676-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Šumić Z, Vakula A, Tepić A, Čakarević J, Vitas J, Pavlić B (2016) Modeling and optimization of red currants vacuum drying process by response surface methodology (RSM). Food Chem 203:465–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Şahin S, Elhussein E, Bilgin M, Lorenzo JM, Barba FJ, Roohinejad S (2018) Effect of drying method on oleuropein, total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of olive (Olea europaea) leaf. J Food Process Preserv, 42(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13604

  31. Şen FB, Aşçı YS, Bekdeşer B, Bener M, Apak R (2019) Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the isolation of antioxidants from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) by response surface methodology (RSM). Anal Lett, 52(17), 2751–2763. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2019.1600531

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Automation, Arapgir Vocational School, Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey

    Ahmet B. Demirpolat

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Fırat University, 23200, Elazığ, Turkey

    Ercan Aydoğmuş

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

    Hasan Arslanoğlu

Authors
  1. Ahmet B. Demirpolat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ercan Aydoğmuş
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hasan Arslanoğlu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hasan Arslanoğlu.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Highlights

• According to the exergy results, the efficiency was found to be maximum in the non-isothermal drying performed with the new improved PID system.

• A new model has been developed for the change of surface area in the drying process of the basil leaves.

• The effect of air velocity and temperature on the drying time was determined in the conventional process with RSM.

• The drying behavior of Arapgir basil leaves has been examined with both experimental and theoretical models, and appropriate models are determined by statistical analysis.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Demirpolat, A.B., Aydoğmuş, E. & Arslanoğlu, H. Drying behavior for Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae with the new system: exergy analysis and RSM modeling. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 515–526 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02010-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02010-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation