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Effective cleaning of a hazardous synthetic triarylmethane-type dye from aquatic environment with a multifunctional waste biomass–based biosorbent

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Abstract

In the present work, a novel multifunctional biosorbent material with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, prepared from the waste biomass left over from the fixed oil biorefinery process of Nigella sativa L. herb, was used to remove a hazardous synthetic dye of triarylmethane type (malachite green), which is widely used in various fields for different purposes, from water environment. The main variables of purification process like pH, biosorbent amount, time, and synthetic dye concentration were optimized by the batch-type biosorption experiments. The characteristics of purification process were displayed by the characterization, equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics studies. The material of biosorbent possessed a non-uniform surface morphology including many cavities and protuberances, and a rich profile of functional group. The optimum process variables were determined to be pH of 4, biosorbent amount of 10 mg, time of 360 min, and synthetic dye concentration of 15 mg L−1. The experimental biosorption data followed the models of Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm and Elovich kinetics based on the statistical tests results. The biosorption process was a spontaneous, favorable, and physical (ΔG°: (− 6.51)–(− 5.07) kJ mol−1 and EDR: 0.43 kJ mol−1). The biosorbent exhibited higher biosorption performance (81.71 mg g−1) than many other sorbent materials reported for malachite green. All these results indicated that for the treatment of water environment, the waste biomass could be used as an effective biosorbent besides its use as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

The current work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Council of Harran University (Project No: 21121).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Protection Technologies Department, Vocational School of Bozova, University of Harran, 63850, Sanliurfa, Turkey

    Fatih Deniz

  2. Environmental Engineering Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Harran, 63100, Sanliurfa, Turkey

    Fatma Dogan

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  1. Fatih Deniz
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Correspondence to Fatih Deniz.

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Deniz, F., Dogan, F. Effective cleaning of a hazardous synthetic triarylmethane-type dye from aquatic environment with a multifunctional waste biomass–based biosorbent. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 10885–10892 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01995-9

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