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Alkyl β-D-xyloside synthesis from black liquor xylan using Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 135684 β-xylosidases immobilized on spent expanded perlite

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Abstract

The crude β-xylosidase from Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 135684 was immobilized on the surface of the modified spent expanded perlite via (3-aminopropyl) triethoxy-silane and glutaraldehyde cross-linking reaction. Over 80% of the initial free enzyme activity was detected on the bound enzyme. The immobilized β-xylosidase (204.7 ± 6.5 U g-1 of perlite) exhibited transxylosylation activity when sugars from black liquor xylan hydrolysate and a variety of alcohols (C1-6) were used as donor and acceptor molecules, respectively, yielding a number of alkyl xylosides. The synthesized hexyl xyloside exhibited some interesting properties comparable with those of a commercial hexyl glucoside, including an antioxidant activity (IC50 = 8.9 ± 2.0 mg mL-1), wetting time (43 s), and critical micelle concentration value (252 mmol L-1). Optimization for hexyl xyloside synthesis was performed via statistical analysis using a Box and Behnken design. The maximum predicted yield of hexyl xyloside (499.0 ± 1.1 mg g-1 xylan hydrolysate) was obtained with 10% (w/v) xylan hydrolysate, 10 U g-1 immobilized β-xylosidase, and 13% (v/v) hexanol at 70 °C, pH 6.0 for 4 h, and it was validated by the following experimental yield (498.9 ± 4.8 mg g-1 xylan hydrolysate). The maximum production yield remained relatively stable after the immobilized enzyme was reused for 12 cycles with a 471.5 ± 15.1 mg g-1 hexyl xyloside yield (94.4% of the first cycle). Thus, the immobilized β-xylosidase has a high potential as a robust catalyst for application in alkyl xyloside production.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful for ACK Hydro Farm Co., Ltd. and Double A (1991) Public Co., Ltd. for providing the materials in this study and Dr. Rico Ramadhan, Universitas Airlangga, for the helpful NMR interpretation.

Funding

This research was performed under funding from the Japan-ASEAN Science, Technology and Innovation Platform (JASTIP) and Grant for Development of New Faculty Staff, Ratchadapiseksomphot Endowment Fund, Chulalongkorn University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Wichanee Bankeeree, Hunsa Punnapayak, Pongtharin Lotrakul & Sehanat Prasongsuk

  2. Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan

    Takashi Watanabe & Ruibo Li

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia

    Hunsa Punnapayak

  4. Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Arya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

    Dede Heri Yuli Yanto

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  1. Wichanee Bankeeree
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Correspondence to Wichanee Bankeeree.

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Bankeeree, W., Watanabe, T., Punnapayak, H. et al. Alkyl β-D-xyloside synthesis from black liquor xylan using Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 135684 β-xylosidases immobilized on spent expanded perlite. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 2677–2686 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00755-5

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