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Kinetics and physical analyses for pyrolyzed Egyptian agricultural and woody biomasses: effect of microwave drying

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Abstract

This paper investigates microwave drying effect as a pretreatment method on the kinetic parameters of four torrefied biomasses. The considered biomasses are rice straw, rice husk, sugarcane, and cotton stalks. Dried samples (microwave or oven-dried) were then torrefied under isothermal conditions in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at two different temperatures of (250 and 300 °C). Two simple kinetics methods were applied including direct Arrhenius (DA) and Coats and Redfern (CR). The physical structure of rice straw and cotton stalks as a function of drying method and torrefaction temperature has been studied using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area technique. Results revealed that microwave drying increased both the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor for both rice straw and sugarcane regardless of the torrefaction temperature, while the opposite occurred for rice husk. In the case of cotton stalks, microwave drying increased the kinetic parameters at 250 °C and decreased them at 300 °C. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor values obtained from CR method were larger than the ones from DA method. The 300 °C torrefied, conventionally dried rice straw has the lowest activation energy and pre-exponential factor and the largest peak width indicating wide range of reactivity. While microwave dried sugarcane, torrefied at 250 °C, is the hardest one to react. All microwave dried samples require more heat to decompose regardless of the torrefaction temperature. Microwave drying increased the surface area, mean pore diameter, and pore volume for rice straw, while the opposite occurred for cotton stalks due to its woody nature.

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Abbreviations

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analyzer

CR:

Coats and Redfern

QCD:

Carbon quantum dots

CD:

Conventional drying

FWO:

Flynn-Wall-Ozawa

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

RH:

Rice husk

CS:

Cotton stalks

HHV:

Higher heating value

E:

Activation energy

t:

Time

DA:

Direct Arrhenius

BET:

Brunauer–Emmett–Teller

MWD:

Microwave drying

AEDM:

Activation energy distribution model

DTA:

Differential thermal analysis

RS:

Rice Straw

SC:

Sugarcane bagasse

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

A:

Frequency or pre-exponential factor

T:

Temperature [k]

DTG:

First derivative of TG function

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fuels and Combustion Engines Laboratory, Energy Resources Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt

    Mahmoud Amer & Ahmed Elwardany

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt

    Mahmoud Amer & Ahmed Elwardany

  3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800 Shanghai, 200240, China

    Mohamed Nour

  4. Mechanical Engineering Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Qalubia, 13512, Egypt

    Mohamed Nour & Sameh Nada

  5. Energy Resources Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt

    Mahmoud Ahmed, Ibrahim El-Sharkawy & Sameh Nada

  6. Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan

    Shinichi Ookawara

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  1. Mahmoud Amer
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  2. Mohamed Nour
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Correspondence to Ahmed Elwardany.

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Amer, M., Nour, M., Ahmed, M. et al. Kinetics and physical analyses for pyrolyzed Egyptian agricultural and woody biomasses: effect of microwave drying. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 11, 2855–2868 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00684-3

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