Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of Organic Catalysts in Naphtha Solution on the Heavy Colombian Crude Oil Upgrading During Steam Injection

  • Research Article-Petroleum Engineering
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Steam injection is a thermal recovery process that positively influences the properties changes of heavy crude oil, where the viscosity reduction is the one that is mostly modified. This method can be optimized with the addition of catalysts, allowing to increase the recovery factor. In the present investigation, the effects of the carrier fluid with two metal ion-based catalysts, Fe and Mo, were evaluated. The catalytic performance was analyzed from fluid–fluid tests in a Batch reactor, at a temperature of 270 °C, pressure of 440 psi and a reaction time of 66 h. The variables of the tests were the concentration and method of catalyst placement (directly or with naphtha as the carrier substance). The product was characterized by physical tests such as viscosity and density, where reductions of up to 75% in viscosity and increases in API gravity of almost 2 degrees were obtained. In addition, the characterization by 1H NMR spectroscopy and UV–VIS showed that the change in the physicochemical properties of the improved crude oil is mainly attributed to compositional variation. Finally, there was a synergy effect between catalyst and naphtha in the oil upgrading and it was reflected as a good option by using this substance as a carrier fluid.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Yeletsky, P.M.; Zaikina, O.O.; Sosnin, G.A.; Kukushkin, R.G.; Yakovlev, V.A.: Heavy oil cracking in the presence of steam and nanodispersed catalysts based on different metals. Fuel Process. Technol. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Nares Ochoa, R.; Schacht Hernández, P.; Cabrera Reyes, M.C.; Ramírez Garnica, M.A.; Castrejón Vacio, F.; Ramírez López R.J.: Liquid ionic catalyst for improvement of heavy and super heavy oil, pp. 1–30 (2009)

  3. Babadagli, T.: Philosophy of EOR. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 188, 1–24 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Pérez, R.; Sandoval, J.; Barbosa, C.; Delgadillo, C.; Trujillo, M.; Osma, L., et al.: Comparación de alternativas para mejora de la inyección cíclica de vapor mediante simulación numérica. Revista Fuentes el Reventón Energético 16, 91–107 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Arboleda, J.; Castillo, Á.; Muñoz, S.: Estudio de la acuatermólisis catalítica en procesos de upgrading de crudos pesados como método complementario en el recobro térmico de hidrocarburos. Revista Fuentes el Reventón Energético 16, 57–69 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hyne, J.B.: Aquathermolysis: a synopsis of work on the chemical reaction between water (steam) and heayy oil sands during simulated steam stimulation. AOSTRA Publication Series. Calgary: AOSTRA Publication Series (1986)

  7. Suwaid, M.A.; Varfolomeev, M.A.; Al-Muntaser, A.A.; Yuan, C.; Starshinova, V.L.; Zinnatullin, A., et al.: In-situ catalytic upgrading of heavy oil using oil-soluble transition metal-based catalysts. Fuel 281, 1–13 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wu, C.; Xia, F.: Laboratory experiments and field tests of an amphiphilic metallic chelate for catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil. Energy Fuels 22, 1502–1508 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lakhova, A.; Petrov, S.; Ibragimova, D.; Kayukova, G.; Safiulina, A.; Shinkarev, A., et al.: Aquathermolysis of heavy oil using nano oxides of metals. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 153, 385–390 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Razavian, M.; Fatemi, S.: Catalytic evaluation of metal azolate framework-6 in pristine and metal doped modes in upgrading heavy residual fuel oil. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 156, 105093 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Nares, H.R.; Schacht-Hernandez, P.; Cabrera-Reyes, M.C.; Ramirez-Garnica, M.; Cazarez-Candia, O.: Upgrading of heavy crude oil with supported and unsupported transition metals. In Canadian International Petroleum Conference. Calgary, pp. 1–10 (2006) Available from: https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/PETSOC-2006-060

  12. Kudryashov, S.I.; Afanasiev, I.S.; Petrashov, O.V.; Vakhin, A.V.; Sitnov, S.A.; Akhmadiayrov, A.A. et al.: Catalytic heavy oil upgrading by steam injection with using of transition metals catalysts. Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo - Oil Ind 30–34 (2017)

  13. Clark, P.D.; Kirk, M.J.: Studies on the upgrading of bituminous oils with water and transition metal catalysts. Energy Fuels 8, 380–387 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Aliev, F.A.; Mukhamatdinov, I.I.; Sitnov, S.A.; Ziganshina, M.R.; Onishchenko, Y.V.; Sharifullin, A.V., et al.: In-situ heavy oil aquathermolysis in the presence of nanodispersed catalysts based on transition metals. Processes. 9, 1–22 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mohammad, A.A.; Mamora, D.D.: Insitu upgrading of heavy oil under steam injection with tetralin and catalyst. In SPE/PS/CHOA International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Calgary pp. 1–11 (2008)

  16. Hendraningrat, L.; Souraki, Y.; Torsater, O.: Experimental investigation of decalin and metal nanoparticles-assisted bitumen upgrading during catalytic aquathermolysis. In SPE/EAGE European Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. pp. 1–11 (2014) Available from: http://www.onepetro.org/doi/10.2118/167807-MS

  17. Yusuf, A.; Al-Hajri, R.S.; Al-Waheibi, Y.M.; Jibril, B.Y.: In-situ upgrading of Omani heavy oil with catalyst and hydrogen donor. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 121, 102–112 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.07.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Liu, Y.; Fan, H.: The effect of hydrogen donor additive on the viscosity of heavy oil during steam stimulation. Energy Fuels 16, 842–846 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ovalles, C.; Vallejos, C.; Vásquez, T.; Martinis, J.; Perez-Perez, A.; Cotte, E. et al.: Extra-heavy crude oil downhole upgrading process using hydrogen donors under steam injection conditions. In International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Porlamar; pp. 1–6 (2001)

  20. Zhao, F.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, B.; Ha, S.; Li, S.: Additives on hydrogen donor catalytic upgrading for viscosity reduction of heavy oil under the conditions of steam injection. Appl. Mech. Mater. 55, 57–62 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhong, L.G.; Liu, Y.J.; Fan, H.F.; Jiang, S.J.: Liaohe extra-heavy crude oil underground aquathermolytic treatments using catalyst and hydrogen donors under steam injection conditions. In SPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference in Asia Pacific. Kuala Lumpur. pp. 1–6 (2003) Available from: http://www.onepetro.org/doi/10.2118/84863-MS

  22. Zhang, Z.: Experimental study of in-situ upgrading for heavy oil using hydrogen donors and catalyst under steam injection condition (2011)

  23. Ovalles, C.; Rodríguez, H.: Extra heavy crude oil downhole upgrading using hydrogen donors under cyclic steam injection conditions: Physical and numerical simulation studies. J. Can. Pet. Technol. 47, 43–51 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Maity, S.K.; Ancheyta, J.; Marroquín, G.: Catalytic aquathermolysis used for viscosity reduction of heavy crude oils: a review. Energy Fuels 24, 2809–2816 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Li, J.; Chen, Y.; Zhou, C.; Liu, H.; Zhang, X.: Influences on the aquathermolysis of heavy oil catalyzed by two catalysts with different ligands. Pet. Sci. Technol. 33, 1246–1252 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Yeletsky, P.M.; Zaikina, O.O.; Sosnin, G.A.; Kukushkin, R.G.; Yakovlev, V.A.: Heavy oil cracking in the presence of steam and nanodispersed catalysts based on different metals. Fuel Process. Technol. 199, 106239 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yusuf, A.; Al-Hajri, R.S.; Al-Waheibi, Y.M.; Jibril, B.Y.: Upgrading of Omani heavy oil with bimetallic amphiphilic catalysts. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 67, 45–53 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.07.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Vakhin, A.V.; Aliev, F.A.; Kudryashov, S.I.; Afanasiev, I.S.; Petrashov, O.V.; Sitnov, S.A., et al.: Aquathermolysis of heavy oil in reservoir conditions with the use of oil-soluble catalysts: part I-changes in composition of saturated hydrocarbons. Pet. Sci. Technol. 36, 1829–1836 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Jiang, S.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y.; Zhong, L.: In situ upgrading heavy oil by aquathermolytic treatment under steam injection conditions. In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Houston, p. 8 (2005)

  30. Wen, S.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, Y.; Hu, S.: A study on catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy crude oil during steam stimulation. In International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry [Internet]. Houston; 2007. pp. 1–5. Available from: http://www.onepetro.org/doi/10.2118/106180-MS

  31. Dong, L.; Liu, Y.J.; Xu, K.M.; Zhao, F.J.; Liu, W.W.; Kong, X.W.: Laboratory experiment research and field tests on catalyst of aquathermolysis of heavy oils. Adv Mat Res. 773, 298–303 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Xu, H.; Pu, C.: Mechanism of underground heavy oil catalytic aquathermolysis. Chem. Technol. Fuels Oils 53, 913–921 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Chao, K.; Chen, Y.; Liu, H.; Zhang, X.; Li, J.: Laboratory experiments and field test of a difunctional catalyst for catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil. Energy Fuels 26, 1152–1159 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kapadia, P.R.; Kallos, M.S.; Gates, I.D.: A review of pyrolysis, aquathermolysis, and oxidation of Athabasca bitumen. Fuel Process. Technol. 131, 270–289 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.11.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Wang, Y.; Chen, Y.; He, J.; Li, P.; Yang, C.: Mechanism of catalytic aquathermolysis: Influences on heavy oil by two types of efficient catalytic ions: Fe3+ and Mo6+. Energy Fuels 24, 1502–1510 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Salas-Chia, L.M.; Naranjo, P.A.; Diaz, V.E.; Gambús-Ordaz, M.; Bermúdez, A.Y.: Influencia de parámetros operacionales de la inyección de vapor sobre las propiedades de crudos pesados sometidos a reacciones de acuatermólisis. 21, 65–81 (2023) Available from: https://doi.org/10.18273/revfue.v21n1-2023005

  37. Zhong, L.G.; Liu, Y.J.; Fan, H.F.; Jiang, S.J.: Liaohe extra-heavy crude oil underground aquathermolytic treatments using catalyst and hydrogen donors under steam injection conditions. In SPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference in Asia Pacific. Kuala Lumpur; p. 6. (2003) Available from: http://www.onepetro.org/doi/10.2118/84863-MS

  38. Núñez-Méndez, K.S.; Salas-Chia, L.M.; Molina, V.D.; Muñoz, S.F.; León, P.A.; León, A.Y.: Effect of the catalytic aquathermolysis process on the physicochemical properties of a colombian crude oil. Energy Fuels 35, 5231–5240 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Fan, H.: The effects of reservoir minerals on the composition changes of heavy oil during steam stimulation. J. Can. Pet. Technol. 42, 11–14 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Fan, H.; Zhang, Y.; Lin, Y.: The catalytic effects of minerals on aquathermolysis of heavy oils. Fuel 83, 2035–2039 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhang, X.; Liu, Y.; Fan, Y.; Che, H.: Effects of reservoir minerals and chemical agents on aquathermolysis of heavy oil during steam injection. Chin. Pet. Process Pe. Technol. 12, 25–31 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Mecón Méndez, S.G.; Salas-Chia, L.M.; Martínez Vertel, J.J.; Velasco, D.R.M.; León, A.Y.; León, P.A.: Effect of mineralogy on the physicochemical properties of a heavy crude oil in hybrid steam injection technologies using 1H NMR. Energy Fuels 36, 10315–10326 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Alade, O.S.; Al Shehri, D.A.; Mahmoud, M.; Olusegun, S.; Lawal, L.O.; Kamal, M.S., et al.: Viscosity models for bitumen–solvent mixtures. J. Pet. Explor. Prod. 1505–20 (2021)

  44. Xu, L.; Abedini, A.; Qi, Z.B.; Kim, M.; Guerrero, A.; Sinton, D.: Pore-scale analysis of steam-solvent coinjection: azeotropic temperature, dilution and asphaltene deposition. Fuel 220, 151–158 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. León, A.Y.; Guerrero, N.A.; Muñoz, S.; Sandoval, M.; Pérez, R.; Molina, V.D.: Naphtha co-injection with steam effects on Colombian heavy crude oils quality by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Fuel 366 (2024)

  46. León, A.Y.; Guzman, A.; Laverde, D.; Chaudhari, R.V.; Subramaniam, B.; Bravo-Suárez, J.J.: Thermal cracking and catalytic hydrocracking of a colombian vacuum residue and its maltenes and asphaltenes fractions in toluene. Energy Fuels 31, 3868–3877 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Santos, R.G,; Loh, W.; Bannwart, A.C.; Trevisan, O.V.: An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. Assoc. Brasiliera de Eng. Quimica/Braz. Soc. Chem. Eng. 571–590 (2014)

  48. ASTM. Standard test method for boiling point distribution of samples with residues such as crude oils and atmospheric and vacuum residues by high temperature gas chromatography. Available from: www.astm.org,

  49. Behrenbruch, P.; Dedigama, T.: Classification and characterisation of crude oils based on distillation properties. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 57, 166–180 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. León, P.A.; Bottía, H.; Molina, V.D.; Martínez Vertel, J.J.; Muñoz, S.F.; León, A.Y.: Catalytic upgrading evaluation under steam injection conditions with spectroscopy 1H-NMR. Pet. Sci. Technol. 40, 1622–1639 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. ASTM International. Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method). 2010. Available from: www.epa.gov/

  52. ASTM International. Standard test methods for rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials by rotational viscometer. (2020)

  53. ASTM. Standard test method for determination of asphaltenes (heptane insolubles) in crude petroleum and petroleum products. Available from: www.astm.org

  54. ASTM. Standard Test Method for Characteristic Groups in Rubber Extender and Processing Oils and Other Petroleum-Derived Oils by the Clay-Gel Absorption Chromatographic Method. Available from: www.astm.org,

  55. León, A.Y.; Guzman, A.; Laverde, D.; Chaudhari, R.V.; Subramaniam, B.; Bravo-Suaréz, J.J.: Thermal cracking and catalytic hydrocracking of a colombian vacuum residue and its maltenes and asphaltenes fractions in toluene. Energy Fuels 31, 3868–3877 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Silverstein, R.; Webster, F.; Kiemle, D.; Bryce, D.: Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 8th edn. Wiley (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Poveda, J.C.; Molina, D.R.: Average molecular parameters of heavy crude oils and their fractions using NMR spectroscopy. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 84–85, 1–7 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Daniel Molina, V.; Uribe, U.N.; Murgich, J.: Partial least-squares (PLS) correlation between refined product yields and physicochemical properties with the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of Colombian crude oils. Energy Fuels 21, 1674–1680 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Fergoug, T.; Bouhadda, Y.: Determination of Hassi Messaoud asphaltene aromatic structure from 1H & 13C NMR analysis. Fuel 115, 521–526 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Mecón Méndez, S.G.; Salas-Chia, L.M.; Martínez Vertel, J.J.; Molina Velasco, D.R.; León, A.Y.; León, P.A.: Effect of mineralogy on the physicochemical properties of a heavy crude oil in hybrid steam injection technologies using 1H NMR. Energy Fuels 36, 10315–10326 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Bayestehparvin, B.; Farouq Ali, S.M.; Abedi, J.: Use of solvents with steam-state-of-the-art and limitations. In SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia. pp. 1–31 (2016) Available from: http://onepetro.org/SPEOGWA/proceedings-pdf/16OGWA/2-16OGWA/D021S014R001/1426778/spe-179829-ms.pdf/1

  62. Castro, Y.E.; Veliz, A.M.; Sanchez, D.A.; Rodriguez, M.M.; Rondon, N.G.; Rivero, S., et al.: Cyclic steam injection with solvents as method of thermal recovery for heavy and extraheavy oils: laboratory tests. In Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference. pp. 1–15 (2010) Available from: http://onepetro.org/SPEURCC/proceedings-pdf/10CURIPC/All-10CURIPC/SPE-137547-MS/1751852/spe-137547-ms.pdf/1

  63. Hart, A.; Lewis, C.; White, T.; Greaves, M.; Wood, J.: Effect of cyclohexane as hydrogen-donor in ultradispersed catalytic upgrading of heavy oil. Fuel Process. Technol. 138, 724–733 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Rodriguez, F., Delamaide, E., Rousseau, D., Bekri, S.: Which is the most attractive IOR method to produce the venezuelan highly viscous oil resources in the energy transition era? A comprehensive review of research and field applications. ADIPEC. pp. 1–22 (2022) Available from: http://onepetro.org/SPEADIP/proceedings-pdf/22ADIP/1-22ADIP/D011S014R004/3043200/spe-211344-ms.pdf/1

  65. Yeletsky, P.M.; Zaikina, O.O.; Sosnin, G.A.; Kukushkin, R.G.; Yakovlev, V.A.: Heavy oil cracking in the presence of steam and nanodispersed catalysts based on different metals. Fuel Process. Technol. 199, 106239 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Yusuf, A.; Al-Hajri, R.S.; Al-Waheibi, Y.M.; Jibril, B.Y.: Upgrading of Omani heavy oil with bimetallic amphiphilic catalysts. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 67, 45–53 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Foss, L.; Petrukhina, N.; Kayukova, G.; Amerkhanov, M.; Romanov, G.; Ganeeva, Y.: Changes in hydrocarbon content of heavy oil during hydrothermal process with nickel, cobalt, and iron carboxylates. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 169, 269–276 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Sitnov, S.A.; Mukhamatdinov, I.I.; Vakhin, A.V.; Ivanova, A.G.; Voronina, E.V.: Composition of aquathermolysis catalysts forming in situ from oil-soluble catalyst precursor mixtures. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 169, 44–50 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Lin, D.; Zhu, H.; Wu, Y.; Lu, T.; Liu, Y.; Chen, X., et al.: Morphological insights into the catalytic aquathermolysis of crude oil with an easily prepared high-efficiency Fe3O4-containing catalyst. Fuel 245, 420–428 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Li, J.; Chen, Y.; Liu, H.; Wang, P.; Liu, F.: Influences on the aquathermolysis of heavy oil catalyzed by two different catalytic ions: Cu2+ and Fe3+. Energy Fuels 27, 2555–2562 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Galukhin, A.V.; Erokhin, A.A.; Gerasimov, A.V.; Eskin, A.A.; Nurgaliev, D.K.: Influence of iron pentacarbonyl on catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil: Changes of oil’s parameters and formation of magnetic nanoparticles. In Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. (2015)

  72. Vakhin, A.V.; Sitnov, S.A.; Mukhamatdinov, I.I.; Onishchenko, Y.V.; Feoktistov, D.A.: Aquathermolysis of high-viscosity oil in the presence of an oil-soluble iron-based catalyst. Chem. Technol. Fuels Oils 53, 666–674 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Bej, R.; Dey, P.; Ghosh, S.: Disulfide chemistry in responsive aggregation of amphiphilic systems. Soft Matter. R. Soc. Chem. 16(1), 11–26 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Korneev, D.S.; Pevneva, G.S.; Golovko, A.K.: Thermal transformations of asphaltenes at a temperature of 120 °C. J. Sib. Fed. Univ. Chem. 12, 101–117 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Douda, J.; Alvarez, R.; Bolaños, J.N.: Characterization of Maya asphaltene and maltene by means of pyrolysis application. Energy Fuels 22, 2619–2628 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Varfolomeev, M.A.; Galukhin, A.; Nurgaliev, D.K.; Kok, M.V.: Thermal decomposition of Tatarstan Ashal’cha heavy crude oil and its SARA fractions. Fuel 186, 122–127 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Poutsma, M.: Free-radical thermolysis and hydrogenolysis of model hydrocarbons relevant to processing of coal. Energy Fuels 4, 113–131 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Akah, A.; Al-Ghrami, M.; Saeed, M.; Siddiqui, M.A.B.: Reactivity of naphtha fractions for light olefins production. Int. J. Ind. Chem. 8, 221–233 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Banda-Cruz, E.; Padrón-Ortega, S.; Gallardo-Rivas, N.; Páramo-García, U.; Díaz-Zavala, N.; Melo-Banda, A.: Physicochemical characterization of heavy oil and the precipitated asphaltenes fraction using UV spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. J. Eng. Technol. 6, 49–58 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) and their professionals’ staff according under projects Nos. 3914 and 3910 (Programa estratégico de investigación aplicada interdisciplinar).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Investigación Recobro Mejorado, Universidad Industrial de Santander- UIS, A.A 678, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia

    Luis M. Salas-Chia, Brenda J. Pineda, Sergio F. Castellanos, Paola A. León & Adan Y. León

  2. Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Atómica y Molecular, Universidad Industrial de Santander- UIS, A.A 678, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia

    Daniel Molina

  3. Grupo de Investigación en Corrosión, Universidad Industrial de Santander- UIS, A.A 678, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia

    Adan Y. León

Authors
  1. Luis M. Salas-Chia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brenda J. Pineda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sergio F. Castellanos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Paola A. León
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Daniel Molina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Adan Y. León
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study's conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Brenda Juliana Pineda Galvis and Sergio Fernando Castellanos Amador. Paola Andrea León Naranjo, Luis Miguel Salas Chia, Adan Yovani León Bermúdez and Daniel Ricardo Molina Velasco worked in the research supervision. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Luis Miguel Salas Chia, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis M. Salas-Chia.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Salas-Chia, L.M., Pineda, B.J., Castellanos, S.F. et al. Influence of Organic Catalysts in Naphtha Solution on the Heavy Colombian Crude Oil Upgrading During Steam Injection. Arab J Sci Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09117-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09117-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation