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Diagenetic Controls on Reservoir Porosity of Aeolian and Fluvial Deposits: A Case Study from Permo-Carboniferous Sandstones of Saudi Arabia

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Abstract

Continental sandstones of aeolian and fluvial systems are major reservoir targets for petroleum and CO2 storage in several places worldwide. The Permo-Carboniferous sandstones in Saudi Arabia are significant aeolian and fluvial, owing to their huge hydrocarbon reserves. Previous studies have documented the sedimentology, stratigraphy, and hydrocarbon potentials of the reservoirs. Nevertheless, the roles of grain-rimming illite, other clays (kaolinite and chlorite), and cements on porosity evolution of the sandstones are poorly constrained in the literature. We utilized a multi-technique approach consisting of petrography, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscope to study the composition, textural features, diagenesis, and role of grain-rimming illite in arresting quartz cementation within aeolian and fluvial sandstones. Our findings indicate that illite coatings inhibited quartz cementation, and 40% illite-coating coverage efficiently restricted the growth of authigenic quartz cement. Intergranular illite and quartz cement were the most abundant cements that significantly impacted reservoir quality. However, porosity was chiefly reduced owing to compaction rather than cementation. Fluvial sands have poor reservoir quality due to low mechanical infiltration to emplace grain-coating clays and high amounts of co-deposited clays that occluded intergranular porosity and blocked pore throats in the sandstones. The grain size was found not to influence illite-coating coverage. Overall, carbonate and Fe-oxides (hematite) cements have less influence on reservoir quality. A total intergranular cement (clays, carbonates, and Fe-oxides) volume between 20 and 30% has a detrimental effect on intergranular porosity. The results of the study can be utilized to understand better and predict reservoir quality in sandstones of similar depositional settings around the world.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are immensely grateful to Mr. Habeeb A. Al-Abbas and Mr. Bandar D. Al-Otaibi for their assistance in preparing thin sections and running the XRD analysis, respectively. We are equally grateful to Saudi Aramco for granting approval to publish this work.

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  1. Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Abdulwahab Muhammad Bello, Abduljamiu Amao, Abdullah Alqubalee, Murtada Al-Hashem, Khalid Al-Ramadan & Lamidi Babalola

  2. Geosciences Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah Alqubalee & Khalid Al-Ramadan

  3. Saudi Aramco, 31311, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Houssin Albarri & Mohammed Al-Masrahy

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  1. Abdulwahab Muhammad Bello
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Bello, A.M., Amao, A., Alqubalee, A. et al. Diagenetic Controls on Reservoir Porosity of Aeolian and Fluvial Deposits: A Case Study from Permo-Carboniferous Sandstones of Saudi Arabia. Arab J Sci Eng 49, 973–993 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08590-2

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