Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete One-Way Slabs Bubbled Using Hollow PET Balls

  • Research Article-Civil Engineering
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study aims to perform structural, sustainability and economic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs bubbled/voided using hollow plastic balls made from waste PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) water bottles. The experimental program consists of five slab specimens having dimensions 1850 × 460 × 110 (mm). One reference slab was cast as an ordinary solid RC slab while the remaining slabs were cast as bubbled deck having spherical and elliptical balls. The spacing between the balls was varied @ 25 mm and 70 mm. The results revealed that spacing between the balls was influential in changing the mode of failure of the bubbled slabs. Moreover, the shape of the balls had a significant effect on the ultimate load. In case of slabs having elliptical balls, the ultimate load was reduced by about 4–10% compared to the spherical voided slabs. However, in comparison with the solid slab, the flexural stiffness of the bubbled slabs was found to be reduced by 10–20% only. Nevertheless, sustainability analysis proved that CO2 emission and energy consumption can be minimized by about 6% and 13% respectively by using the bubbled slabs. Hence, the use of bubbled slabs has an important contribution in constructing environment-friendly buildings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25
Fig. 26
Fig. 27
Fig. 28
Fig. 29
Fig. 30
Fig. 31
Fig. 32
Fig. 33
Fig. 34
Fig. 35

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chung, J.-H.; Choi, H.-K.; Lee, S.-C.; Choi, C.-S.: One-way shear strength of circular voided reinforced concrete floor slabs. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Build. 168, 336–350 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Valivonis, J.; Jonaitis, B.; Zavalis, R.; Skuturna, T.; Šneideris, A.: Flexural capacity and stiffness of monolithic biaxial hollow slabs. J. Civ. Eng. Manag. 20, 693–701 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Gasham, T.S.; Hilo, A.N.; Alawasi, M.A.: Structural behavior of reinforced concrete one-way slabs voided by polystyrene balls. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 11, e00292 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Al-Gasham, T.S.S.: Structural performance of reinforced concrete bubble slabs after exposing to fire flame. J. Eng. Sustain. Dev. 19, 1–14 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Al-Gasham, T.S.; Mhalhal, J.M.; Jabir, H.A.: Improving punching behavior of interior voided slab-column connections using steel sheets. Eng. Struct. 199, 109614 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hashemi, S.S.; Sadeghi, K.; Vaghefi, M.; Siadat, S.A.: Evaluation of ductility of RC structures constructed with Bubble Deck system. Int. J. Civ. Eng. 16, 513–526 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Schnellenbach-Held, M.; Pfeffer, K.: Punching behavior of biaxial hollow slabs. Cem. Concr. Compos. 24, 551–556 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Fiala, C.; Hájek, P.: Environmentally based optimization of RC slab floor structures, CESB 07 Conf. Proc., Citeseer (2007) 24–26

  9. Yang, W.; Yang, Y.; Han, B.; Jiang, P.: Experimental study on mechanical property of corner columns supported reinforced concrete honeycombed-coregirderless floor. Open Civ. Eng. J. 7, 179–188 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chung, J.H.; Choi, H.K.; Lee, S.C.; Choi, C.S.: Shear capacity of biaxial hollow slab with donut type hollow sphere. Procedia Eng. 14, 2219–2222 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Oukaili, N.K.; Husain, L.F.: Punching shear in reinforced concrete bubbled slabs: experimental investigation. Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures, Zurich, Switzerland (2017)

  12. Oukaili, N.; Merie, H.: Sustainability analysis and shear capacity of Bubble Deck slabs with openings. In: 2018 11th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering. IEEE, pp. 250–255 (2018)

  13. Fanella, D.A.; Mahamid, M.; Mota, M.: Flat plate–voided concrete slab systems: design, serviceability, fire resistance, and construction. Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 22, 4017004 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Andrew, R.M.: Global CO2 emissions from cement production. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 10, 195 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Sagadevan, R.; Rao, B.N.: Experimental and analytical investigation of punching shear capacity of biaxial voided slabs. Structures 20, 340–352 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kwak, M.K.; Yang, K.H.; Park, S.T.: Punching shear strength of the hollow plat slab. In: Proceed Korea Inst Struct Maintenance Inspect, pp. 255–258 (2015)

  17. Kim, S.H.; Li, C.G.; Kang, I.S.; Lee, H.S.; Lee, K.J.; Lee, K.K.: Punching shear of I-Slab with polystyrene void forms. In: Proceeding of the 14th World Conference On Earthquake Engineering (2008)

  18. Valivonis, J.; Šneideris, A.; Šalna, R.; Popov, V.; Daugevicius, M.; Jonaitis, B.: Punching strength of biaxial voided slabs. ACI Struct. J. 114, 1373–1383 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Chung, J.-H.; Bae, B.-I.; Choi, H.-K.; Jung, H.-S.; Choi, C.-S.: Evaluation of punching shear strength of voided slabs considering the effect of the ratio b0/d. Eng. Struct. 164, 70–81 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Valivonis, J.; Skuturna, T.; Daugevicius, M.; Šneideris, A.: Punching shear strength of reinforced concrete slabs with plastic void formers. Constr. Build. Mater. 145, 518–527 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Han, S.W.; Lee, C.S.: Evaluation of punching shear strength of voided transfer slabs. Mag. Concr. Res. 66, 1116–1128 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chung, J.H.; Choi, H.K.; Lee, S.C.; Choi, C.S.: Punching shear strength of biaxial hollow slab with donut type hollow sphere. Key Eng. Mater., pp. 777–780 (2011)

  23. Lee, Y.E.; Ryu, J.H.; Ju, Y.K.; Kim, S.D.; Kim, J.K.: Experimental evaluation on punching shear of two-way void slab-to-column connection with TVS lightweight ball. J. Archit. Inst. Korea 27, 71–78 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, Y.Z.; Sun, Y.Y.; Wang, L.N.: Punching shear behavior of reinforced concrete hollow slab. In: 11th ASCE Aerospace Division International Conference (Earth and Space 2008), pp. 1–7 (2008)

  25. Midkiff, C.J.: Plastic Voided Slab Systems: Applications and Design, Kansas State University (2013)

  26. Chung, J.-H.; Jung, H.-S.; Bae, B.; Choi, C.-S.; Choi, H.-K.: Two-way flexural behavior of donut-type voided slabs. Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater. 12, 26 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ibrahim, A.M.; Ali, N.K.; Salman, W.D.: Flexural capacities of reinforced concrete two-way bubble deck slabs of plastic spherical voids. Diyala J. Eng. Sci. 6, 9–20 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ali, W.B.: Two-Dimensional Micromechanics Based Computational Model for Spherically Voided Biaxial Slabs (SVBS), George Mason University (2014)

  29. Nimnim, H.T.; Alabdeen, Z.M.J.Z.: Structural behavior of voided normal and high strength reinforced concrete slabs. Kufa J. Eng. 10, 1–1 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Fatma, N.; Chandrakar, V.: To study comparison between conventional slab and bubble deck slab. Int. Adv. Res. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 5, 1–5 (2018). https://doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.2018.5111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Mahmood, M.R.K.; Dawood, M.B.: Flexural behavior of continuous bubbled reinforced reactive powder concrete flat slab. J. Univ. Babylon 25, 504–517 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Al-Azzawi, A.A.; Abdulsattar, R.; Al-Shaarbaf, I.: A state of the art review on reactive powder concrete slabs. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res. 13, 761–768 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kim, B.H.; Chung, J.H.; Choi, H.K.; Lee, S.C.; Choi, C.S.: Flexural capacities of one-way hollow slab with donut type hollow sphere. Key Eng. Mater. Trans Technical Publications, 773–776 (2011)

  34. Sagadevan, R.; Rao, B.N.: Effect of void former shapes on one-way flexural behaviour of biaxial hollow slabs. Int. J. Adv. Struct. Eng. 1–11 (2019)

  35. Ibrahim, A.M.; Ismael, M.A.; Hussein, H.A.S.A.: The effect of balls shapes and spacing on structural behaviour of reinforced concrete bubbled slabs. J. Eng. Sustain. Dev. 23, 56–65 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. EFNARC, The European Guidelines for Self-compacting Concrete Specification, Production and Use, European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (2005)

  37. EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures Part 1-1–General Rules and Rules for Buildings, London Br. Stand. Inst. (2004)

  38. I. Specification, No. 45/1984,“, Aggreg. from Nat. Sources Concr. Constr. (1984)

  39. Zhang, F.; Wu, C.; Zhao, X.-L.; Xiang, H.; Li, Z.-X.; Fang, Q.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Heidarpour, A.; Packer, J.A.: Experimental study of CFDST columns infilled with UHPC under close-range blast loading. Int. J. Impact Eng. 93, 184–195 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. ASTM C39/C39M, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. American Society for Testing and Materials (2015)

  41. ASTM C-496, Standard Specification for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. American Society for Testing and Materials (2011)

  42. ASTM C469/C469M, Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression. American Society for Testing and Material (2015)

  43. ASTM C78, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading). American Society for Testing and Material (2015)

  44. Sagadevan, R.; Rao, B.N.: Evaluation of one-way flexural behaviour of biaxial voided slab. Indian Concr. J. 98, 7–16 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Park, R.: Capacity design of ductile RC building structures for earthquake resistance. Struct. Eng. J. 70, 279–289 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  46. CAN/CSA S-806 12; Design and Construction of Building Structures with Fiber Reinforced Polymers. Canadian Standards Association: Toronto, Ontario, Canada (2012)

  47. Tann, D.B.; Delpak, R.; Davies, P.: Ductility and deformability of fiber-reinforced polymer strengthened reinforced concrete beams. Struct. Build. 157, 19–30 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Naamam, A.E.; Jeong, S.M.: Structural ductility of concrete beams prestressed with FRP tendons. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International RILEM Symposium (FRPRCS-2), Ghent, Belgium, 23–25 August 1995, pp. 379–384

  49. Hussein, O.H.; Ibrahim, A.M.; Abd, S.M.; Najm, H.M.; Shamim, S.: Hybrid effect of steel bars and PAN textile reinforcement on ductility of one-way slab subjected to bending. Molecules 27, 5208 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Bhagat, S.; Parikh, K.: Comparative study of voided flat plate slab and solid flat plate slab. Int. J. Innov. Res. Dev. 3(3), 22–25 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Bubble Deck, Transverse Force Capability of the Bubbledeck. Technical University Darmstadt's Institute for Solid Construction (in German), Germany (1999)

  52. Bubble Deck, Bubble Deck Two Way Hollow Deck. Available: http://www.bubbledeck-uk.com./ (2003)

  53. Bubble Deck, Bubble deck voided flat Slab Solution. Available: http://www.bubbledeckuk.com./ (2006)

  54. Bubble Deck, Bubble deck Structure Solution. Available: www.BubbleDeck-UK.com (2008)

  55. Alcorn, A.: Embodied energy coefficient of building materials. Centre for Building Performance and Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, NZ (1996)

  56. Alcorn, A.: Embodied energy and CO2 coefficients for NZ building materials. Centre for Building Performance and Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, NZ (2003)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Diyala, 32001, Iraq

    Humam A. Abdul Hussein, Amer M. Ibrahim & Murtada A. Ismael

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Z.H. College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Saba Shamim

  3. New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq

    Hadee Mohammed Najm

  4. Ministry of Education, The General Directorate for Education of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq

    Humam A. Abdul Hussein

Authors
  1. Humam A. Abdul Hussein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amer M. Ibrahim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Murtada A. Ismael
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Saba Shamim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hadee Mohammed Najm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saba Shamim.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors hereby declare no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hussein, H.A.A., Ibrahim, A.M., Ismael, M.A. et al. Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete One-Way Slabs Bubbled Using Hollow PET Balls. Arab J Sci Eng 49, 4763–4784 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08163-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08163-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation