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Study of the Effect of Isothermal Aging on API 5L Grade B Steel Through Charpy Energy Testing and Electrochemical Evaluation

  • Research Article-Petroleum Engineering
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Abstract

Oil and gas pipelines are often threatened by mechanical degradation and corrosion damage. This mechanical degradation is attributable to the aging of the carbon steel, and corrosion damage results from the level of environmental aggressiveness combined with the material's metallurgical characteristics. Unfortunately, studying the natural aging of steel in in-service pipelines is difficult because many tests are destructive. For this reason, the present study used isothermal artificial aging to simulate the mechanical degradation of pipeline steel. Charpy energy tests were carried out to assess the changes in the material's ductility. It was found that this energy exhibited random behavior. Our findings indicate that, on average, the aged material exhibited lower Charpy fracture energy and a much higher variance. This evidence will help experts select the correct material properties while considering its degradation over time. In addition, according to the fractographic study, it was confirmed that the aged pipeline steel tended to be more brittle than the unaged material. Moreover, the dominant corrosion mechanism observed during electrochemical tests for aged and unaged steel was analyzed. We concluded that a moderate chloride ion content is insufficient to stimulate pitting corrosion. Corrosion rates with three different electrochemical techniques (LPR, EIS, and ENA) were obtained, showing that the unaged material tended to be more vulnerable to corrosion effects.

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Notes

  1. Localized corrosion is a phenomenon that is characterized as exhibiting stochastic behavior. It has been modeled by many researchers using advanced statistics techniques [22].

  2. The solutions used in the present research were chosen to have chloride ion contents of 5246 and 9952 ppm because these were the maximum and the average values found in Mexican oilfield produced waters according to the study presented by J.C. Velázquez et al. [28].

  3. Corrosion rate was estimated using the method proposed by Mansfeld [32]; this method is recommended in Sect. 5.3.5 of the ASTM G102-89 standard [33] and it is detailed later in this paper.

  4. The corrosion rate estimations are presented in a later subsection in this paper.

  5. The unaged API 5L grade B steel specimens exhibited a finer grain size than their aged specimens counterparts [20]

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, UPALM, Edif. 7, Zacatenco, 07738, Mexico City, Mexico

    M. Díaz-Cruz, N. E. González-Arévalo & A. Cervantes-Tobón

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial, ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, UPALM, Edif. 7, Zacatenco, 07738, Mexico City, Mexico

    J. C. Velázquez

  3. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Materiales Industriales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de México, Estado de México, Atizapán de Zaragoza, Mexico

    A. Mandujano-Ruiz & H. Herrera-Hernández

  4. Departamento de Bioingeniería, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPIBI, Avenida Acueducto s/n Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Mexico City, Mexico

    E. Hernández-Sánchez

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  1. M. Díaz-Cruz
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Correspondence to N. E. González-Arévalo.

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Díaz-Cruz, M., Velázquez, J.C., González-Arévalo, N.E. et al. Study of the Effect of Isothermal Aging on API 5L Grade B Steel Through Charpy Energy Testing and Electrochemical Evaluation. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 16607–16622 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-07804-x

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