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Effect of PI–TI-Based Virtual Inertia Controller with Virtual Damping on a Renewable Energy-Based Multi-area Power System Under Deregulation

  • Research Article-Electrical Engineering
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Abstract

Modern power systems include a large amount of renewable energy generation and power converter components, which in turn have an effect on the system's inertia. It becomes a major challenge in load frequency control (LFC) of an interconnected system. As a means of overcoming the challenges associated with LFC, this article analyzed the effects of virtual inertia control (VIC) on a three-area interconnected system that incorporates renewable power generators within the deregulated market. Virtual damping and a cascade controller combination of the proportional-integral and tilted-integral controller (PI–TI) have been proposed in the VIC technique to lessen the inertia problem associated with the power system. The controller gains are optimized using a novel algorithm named the mine blast algorithm. In addition to evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed VIC method, it is also studied using AC/DC tie line interconnected systems, and phase locked loops. Under all aspects, the obtained results demonstrate that the proposed VIC technique leads to increase system dynamic performances in different deregulated environments by reducing oscillations and deviations in frequency, tie power, and settling time. The reliability of the proposed control method is also verified by performing stability and robustness analyses. The considered power system was simulated using the OPAL-RT digital simulator under various scenarios.

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Abbreviations

VIC:

Virtual inertia control

PLL:

Phase Locked Loop

DPM:

Disco participation matrix

cpfs:

Contract participation factors

LCC:

Line-commutated converter

MBA:

Mine Blast Algorithm

ISE:

Integral square error

m, n :

Area (1, 2, 3, where m ≠ n)

T mn :

Synchronizing coefficient (S)

H m :

Inertia constant

Δf m :

Frequency deviation in mth area

Β m :

Frequency response of area 1, 2 and 3 (Dm + 1/Rm)

ΔP tie - mn :

Power error in tie m and n

R m :

Governor speed regulation (Hz/p.u. MW)

T gm, T rm :

Thermal steam governor and re-heater time constant (s)

T dc :

DC tie line time constant (s)

T ES :

Energy storage time constant (s)

K rm :

Reheat gain of steam turbine

K dc :

DC tie line feedback gain

T spv :

PV solar time constant (s)

K b :

Blade gain

K P :

Data fit pitch gain

T a :

Actuator time constant (s)

P m :

Rated active power (MW)

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India

    Sumana Das & Subir Datta

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Silchar, Silchar, Assam, India

    Lalit Chandra Saikia

Authors
  1. Sumana Das
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  2. Subir Datta
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  3. Lalit Chandra Saikia
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sumana Das.

Appendix

Appendix

System parameters:

  1. 1.

    Power system: Kpm = 120 Hz/p.u. MW; Tmn = 0.086s; Hm = 5s; Dm = ΔPm/Δfm (p.u. MW/Hz = 0.00833 p.u. MW/Hz); amn = − (Pm/Pn); βi = 425*10−3 p.u. MW/Hz; Ri = 2.4 Hz/p.u MW, Tpm = 20s; f = 60 Hz; Initial loading = 0.5.

  2. 2.

    Thermal Unit: Tgm = 8/100 s; Ttm=3/10 s; Trm = 10 s; Krm= 0.5.

  3. 3.

    WP System: Th= 0.041 s; Kh = 1.25; Ta = 0.6 s; KP = 1.4; Kb = 0.8.

  4. 4.

    SPV System: TSPV = 1.8 s.

  5. 5.

    ES: TES =10 s.

  6. 6.

    DC System: TDC = 0.2s.

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Das, S., Datta, S. & Saikia, L.C. Effect of PI–TI-Based Virtual Inertia Controller with Virtual Damping on a Renewable Energy-Based Multi-area Power System Under Deregulation. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 6431–6452 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07376-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07376-2

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