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Clamping Force Sensor Fault Analysis and Fault-Tolerant Control of the Electromechanical Brake System

  • Research Article-Electrical Engineering
  • Published:
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Abstract

In rail transportation, electromechanical brake (EMB) technology is seen as the next generation of the braking system. Due to the deplorable working conditions (such as wading, impact vibration, and voltage surge), the clamping force sensor can encounter bridge-cut-off, zero shift, cable transmission faults, and other problems. Hence, the reliability of the clamping force sensor is greatly challenged. For the thorny problem, this paper proposed a novel clamping force sensor fault-tolerant control strategy that can be a backup control loop to enhance the reliability of the system. Firstly, the paper describes the working principle of the EMB system and establishes its nonlinear mathematical model. Combined with the piezoresistive sensor working principle, the cause of clamping force sensor failure is analyzed. Meanwhile, the corresponding relationship between motor output torque and the braking process is explained, and a gap adjustment control strategy without a clamping force sensor is proposed. Then, a clamping force estimation method is presented under strong coupling conditions, considering the different hysteresis characteristics between foreign clamping forces. In addition, the designed enhanced extended state observer (ESO) utilizes the sigmoid function to solve the high-frequency chattering phenomenon of the conventional nonlinearity ESO. With the enhanced ESO, the power fast terminal sliding-mode (PFTSM) control can ensure the dynamic response and improve the anti-interference ability of the system. Finally, compared with a conventional method, a static experimental platform verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

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Data Availability

The original data are used during the research, and it is here available with the author, so it can be provided at any time on the request.

Abbreviations

EMB:

Electromechanical brake

ESO:

Extended state observer

PFTSMC:

Power fast terminal sliding-mode control

ADRC:

Active disturbance rejection control

SMC:

Sliding-mode control

EMA:

Electromechanical actuator

PMSM:

Permanent magnet synchronous machine

FOC:

Field-oriented control

SM-ADRC:

Sliding-mode active disturbance rejection composite controller

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Funding

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51777170).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China

    Yiyun Zhao, Hui Lin & Saleem Riaz

  2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Hassan Elahi

  3. CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shandong, 266031, Qingdao, China

    Feng Miao

Authors
  1. Yiyun Zhao
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  2. Hui Lin
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  3. Hassan Elahi
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  4. Feng Miao
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  5. Saleem Riaz
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Correspondence to Yiyun Zhao.

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Zhao, Y., Lin, H., Elahi, H. et al. Clamping Force Sensor Fault Analysis and Fault-Tolerant Control of the Electromechanical Brake System. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 6011–6023 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07214-5

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