Abstract
Carbonate build-ups are proven prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs located around the globe. In Southeast Asia, the carbonates are usually associated with grain-rich facies types. Understanding the carbonate reservoirs in terms of their internal characteristics, depositional environment, diagenesis and their impact on petrophysical properties are essential parts of successful exploration and production strategy. The present study provides a detailed work on carbonate reservoir facies, diagenetic history and reservoir quality including qualitative and quantitative analysis of thin sections of the Miocene carbonate platform, Central Luconia. The Central Luconia carbonates are subdivided into eight lithofacies based on specimens collected from five wells. Detailed lithofacies analysis and correlation of carbonate rocks from Well A and Well B allowed us to reconstruct the evolution of sedimentary environments and relative sea-level changes in a platform during the Early to Middle Miocene of Cycle IV and V. Five lithofacies are identified based on texture, sedimentary structure, grain composition, and fossil contents. These include (1) coated grain to packstone (av. Ø = 6%, av. Kh = 1 mD), (2) coral (m) lime grainstone (av. Ø = 14.7%, av. Kh = 6 mD), (3) oncolite lime grain to packstone (av. Ø = 10%, av. Kh = 4 mD), (4) skeletal lime packstone (av. Ø = 15%, av. Kh = 4.6 mD), and (5) coral (p) lime mud to packstone (av. Ø = 4%, av. Kh = 0.5 mD), respectively. Micritization, cementation, fractures, compaction, and dissolution are the dominant diagenetic parameters which are identified. The diagenetic features include dolomitization and dissolution (i.e., leaching) making Well A and Well B unique location to study facies distribution and its implication on reservoir potential. By integrating these parameters, facies 2, 3 and 4 are interpreted as a relatively good quality reservoir, whereas facies 1 and 5 are considered as poor reservoir quality. Among all the diagenetic features, dissolution phenomenon contributes to porosity enhancement and reservoir quality, whereas micritization, compaction and cementation have a negative impact on reservoir quality.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wee, P.; Liew, S. Development planning of the F6 gas field in Central Luconia, Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia. In: Offshore South East Asia Show, Society of Petroleum Engineering, No. Conf-8802143 (1988)
Doust, H.: Geology and exploration history of offshore central Sarawak. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. pp. 117–132 (1981)
Epting, M.: Sedimentology of Miocene carbonate buildups, central Luconia, offshore Sarawak. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malays. 12, 17–30 (1980)
Epting, M.: Miocene carbonate buildups of central Luconia, offshore Sarawak. Atlas Seism. Stratigr. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Stud. Geol. 27, 168–173 (1989)
Ali, M.; Abolins, P.: Central luconia province. Pet. Geol. Resour. Malays. 1, 369–392 (1999)
Vahrenkamp, V.: Miocene carbonates of Luconia Province, offshore Sarawak: Implication for regional geology and reservoir properties from strontium isotope stratigraphy. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. (1998)
Vahrenkamp, V.C.; David, F.; Duijndam, P.; Newall, M.; Crevello, P: Growth architecture, faulting, and karstification of a middle Miocene carbonate platform. Luconia Prov. offshore Sarawak Malays. pp. 329–350 (2004)
Madon, M.B.H.: Basin types, tectono-stratigraphic provinces and structural styles. Pet. Geol. Resour. Malays. 1, 77–112 (1999)
Madon, M.; Kim, C.L.; Wong, R.: The structure and stratigraphy of deepwater Sarawak, Malaysia: implications for tectonic evolution. J. Asian Earth Sci. 76, 312–333 (2013)
Koša, E.: Sea-level changes, shoreline journeys, and the seismic stratigraphy of Central Luconia, Miocene-present, offshore Sarawak, NW Borneo, Mar. Petrol. Geol. 59, 35–55 (2015)
Abdullah, A.; Singh, J.; Osman, S.; Abdullah, C.: Unravel new exploration opportunity in Central Luconia. In: PGCE (2012)
Khazali, N.F.M.; Osman, S.; Abdullah, C.: The awakened giants. In: Petroleum Geoscience Conference & Exhibition (2013)
Janjuhah, H.T.; Salim, A.; Mohammad, A.; Ali, M.Y.; Ghosh, D. P.; Hassan, A.:, et al. Development of Carbonate Buildups and Reservoir Architecture of Miocene Carbonate Platforms, Central Luconia, Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia. In: SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition (2017)
Checconi, A.; Bassi, D.; Passeri, L.; Rettori, R.: Coralline red algal assemblage from the Middle Pliocene shallow-water temperate carbonates of the Monte Cetona (Northern Apennines, Italy). Facies 53, 57–66 (2007)
Ghosh, A.K.; Sarkar, S.: Facies analysis and paleoenvironmental interpretation of Piacenzian carbonate deposits from the Guitar Formation of Car Nicobar Island, India. Geosci. Front. 4, 755–764 (2013)
Riegl, B.; Glynn, P.W.; Wieters, E.; Purkis, S.; d’Angelo, C.; Wiedenmann, J.: Water column productivity and temperature predict coral reef regeneration across the Indo-Pacific. Sci. Rep. 5, 8273 (2015)
Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Mumby, P.J.; Hooten, A.J.; Steneck, R.S.; Greenfield, P.; Gomez, E.; et al.: Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007)
Ting, K.; Chung, E.; Al Jaaidi, O.: Evolution and controlling factors of Miocene carbonate build-up in Central Luconia, SE Asia: Insights from integration of geological and seismic characterization. Integr. Pet. Eng. Geosci. 15, 17 (2010)
Janjuhah, H.T.; Salim, A.M.A.; Shah, M.M.; Ghosh, D.; Alansari, A.: Quantitative interpretation of carbonate reservoir rock using wireline logs: a case study from Central Luconia, offshore Sarawak, Malaysia. Carbonates Evaporites 32(4), 591–607 (2017)
Hutchison, C.S.: Geological evolution of South-east Asia. Oxf. Monogr. Geol. Geophys. 13, 368 (1989)
Zampetti, V.: Controlling factors of a Miocene carbonate platform: implications for platform architecture and off-platform reservoirs (Luconia Province, Malaysia). Cenozoic Carbonate Syst. Australasia SEPM Spec. Publ. 95, 129–145 (2010)
Ho, K.F.: Stratigraphic framework for oil exploration in Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malays. Bull. 10, 1–13 (1978)
Eberli, G.P.; Ginsburg, R.N.: Segmentation and coalescence of Cenozoic carbonate platforms, northwestern Great Bahama Bank. Geology 15, 75–79 (1987)
Zampetti, V.; Schlager, W.; van Konijnenburg, J.-H.; Everts, A.-J.: Architecture and growth history of a Miocene carbonate platform from 3D seismic reflection data Luconia province, offshore Sarawak, Malaysia. Mar. Pet. Geol. 21, 517–534 (2004)
Alshuaibi, A.; Duane, M.J.; Mahmoud, H.: Microbial-activated sediment traps associated with oncolite formation along a peritidal beach, northern Arabian (Persian) Gulf, Kuwait. Geomicrobiol. J. 29, 679–696 (2012)
Gawthorpe, R.; Gutteridge, P.: Geometry and evolution of platform-margin bioclastic shoals, Late Dinantian (Mississippian), Derbyshire, UK. Carbonate Platf. Facies Seq. Evol. 1, 39–53 (2009)
Cook, P.J.; Shergold, J.H.; Cook, P.J.: Phosphate Deposits of the World, vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2005). ISBN: 9780521619219
Karami-Movahed, F.; Aleali, M.; Ghazanfari, P.: Facies analysis, depositional environment and diagenetic features of the Qom Formation in the Saran Semnan, Central Iran. Open J. Geol. 6, 349–362 (2016)
Shabafrooz, R.; Mahboubi, A.; Vaziri-Moghaddam, H.; Moussa-vi-Harami, R.; Ghabeishavi, A.; Al-Aasm, I.S.: Facies analysis and carbonate ramp evolution of Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation in the Gachsaran and Bibi-Hakimeh oilfields and the nearby Mish Anticline, Zagros Basin, Iran. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen 276, 121–146 (2015)
Janjuhah, H.T.; Salim, A.M.A.; Ghosh, D.P.: Sedimentology and reservoir geometry of the Miocene Carbonate deposits in Central Luconia, Offshore, Sarawak, Malaysia. J. Appl. Sci. 17, 153–170 (2017)
Janjuhah, H.T.; Salim, A.M.A ; Ghosh, D.P.; Wahid, A.: Diagenetic process and their effect on reservoir quality in Miocene carbonate reservoir, Offshore, Sarawak, Malaysia. In: ICIPEG 2016, edn., pp. 545–558. Springer (2017)
Neugebauer, J.: Micritization of crinoids by diagenetic dissolution. Sedimentology 25, 267–283 (1978)
Morse, J.W.; Arvidson, R.S.: The dissolution kinetics of major sedimentary carbonate minerals. Earth Sci. Rev. 58, 51–84 (2002)
Xi, K.; Cao, Y.; Jahren, J.; Zhu, R.; Bjørlykke, K.; Haile, B.G.; et al.: Diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation tight sandstones in the southern Songliao Basin, China. Sediment. Geol. 330, 90–107 (2015)
Grundtner, M.-L.; Gross, D.; Samsu, A.; Linzer, H.; Misch, D.; Sachsenhofer, R. et al.: Diagenesis in Cenomanian clastic reservoir rocks of the Alpine Foreland basin (Austria). In: 78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition (2016)
Gischler, E.; Thomas, A.L.; Droxler, A.W.; Webster, J.M.; Yokoyama, Y.; Schöne, B.R.: Microfacies and diagenesis of older Pleistocene (pre-last glacial maximum) reef deposits, Great Barrier Reef, Australia (IODP Expedition 325): a quantitative approach. Sedimentology 60, 1432–1466 (2013)
Amel, H.; Jafarian, A.; Husinec, A.; Koeshidayatullah, A.; Swennen, R.: Microfacies, depositional environment and diagenetic evolution controls on the reservoir quality of the Permian Upper Dalan Formation, Kish Gas Field, Zagros Basin. Mar. Pet. Geol. 67, 57–71 (2015)
El-Ghar, A.; Hussein, A.: Post-depositional changes of the Lower-Middle Eocene limestones of the area between Assiut and Minia. In: West of the Nile Valley, Egypt. 1st International Conference on Geology of the Tethys Cairo University, pp. 229–248 (2005)
Budd, D.A.: The relative roles of compaction and early cementation in the destruction of permeability in carbonate grainstones: a case study from the Paleogene of west-central Florida, USA. J. Sediment. Res. 72, 116–128 (2002)
Budd, D.A.: Permeability loss with depth in the Cenozoic carbonate platform of west-central Florida. AAPG Bull. 85, 1253–1272 (2001)
Kidwell, S.M.: Stratigraphic condensation of marine transgressive records: origin of major shell deposits in the Miocene of Maryland. J. Geol. 97, 1–24 (1989)
MacEachern, J.A.; Ichnology and sedimentology of transgressive deposits, transgressively-related deposits and transgressive systems tracts in the Viking Formation of Alberta (1992)
Janjuhah, H.T.; Gamez Vintaned, J.A.; Salim, A.M.A.; Faye, I.; Shah, M.M.; Ghosh, D.P.: Microfacies and depositional environments of miocene isolated carbonate platforms from Central Luconia, Offshore Sarawak. Malaysia. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 91(5), 1778–1796 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Janjuhah, H.T., Alansari, A. & Santha, P.R. Interrelationship Between Facies Association, Diagenetic Alteration and Reservoir Properties Evolution in the Middle Miocene Carbonate Build Up, Central Luconia, Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia. Arab J Sci Eng 44, 341–356 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3341-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3341-9