Skip to main content
Log in

Incoherent Interaction Between Bright–Bright Photovoltaic Soliton in an Unbiased Series Two-Photon Photorefractive Crystal Circuit: Self-Deflection Investigation

  • Research Article - Physics
  • Series B
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We investigated the effects of self-deflection on incoherent interaction between photovoltaic bright–bright soliton pairs in photorefractive crystals under steady-state condition in an unbiased series two-photon photorefractive crystal circuit in one dimension. The numerical schemes according to the Crank–Nicholson and Runge–Kutta methods are applied to simulate the propagation of incoherent interaction for studying self-deflection by considering the diffusion process with different normalized separation distances, different amplitude and different δ. We also offer some applications about this subject.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Keqing L., Yanpeng Z., Tiantong T., Bo L.: Incoherently coupled steady-state soliton pairs in biased photorefractive–photovoltaic materials. Phys. Rev. E 64, 056603-1 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kos K., Ming H., Salamo G., Shih M., Segev M., Valley G.C.: One-dimensional steady-state photorefractive screening soliton. Phys. Rev. E 53, R4330 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Stegeman G.I., Segev M.: Optical spatial solitons and their interaction: universality and diversity. Science 286, 1518 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Keshavarza A., Khalifeh Z.: One-dimensional optical bright screening photovoltaic photorefractive solitons, soliton pairs and incoherent interaction between them in BaTiO3 crystal. Optik 120, 535 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ji X., Jiang Q., Yao J., Liu J.: Separate spatial soliton pairs in an unbiased series two-photon photorefractive crystal circuit. Opt. Laser. Technol. 42, 322 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Abbasi Z., Hatami M., Keshavarz A.: Incoherent interaction between bright–bright photovoltaic soliton in an unbiased series two-photon photorefractive crystal circuit. Opt. Laser Technol. 44, 2413–2417 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hou C., Pei Y., Zhou Z., Sun X.: Spatial solitons in two-photon photorefractive media. Phys. Rev. A 71, 053817 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang G., Liu J.: Screening-photovoltaic spatial solitons in a biased two-photon photovoltaic–photorefractive crystals. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26, 113 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu J.: Separate spatial soliton pairs and soliton interaction in an unbiased series photorefractive crystal circuit. Phys. Lett. A 300, 213 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Lan S., Giordmain J.A., Segev M., Rytz D.: Optical parametric oscillation in soliton-induced waveguides. Opt. Lett. 27, 737 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bosshard C., Mamyshev P.V., Stegeman G.I.: All-optical steering of dark spatial soliton arrays and the beams guided by them. Opt. Lett. 19, 90 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Duree G.C., Shultz J.L., Salamo G.I., Segev M., Yariv A., Crosignani B., Porto P.D., Sharp E.J., Neurgaonkar R.R.: Observation of self-trapping of an optical beam due to the photovoltaic effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 533 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zakery A., Keshavarz A.: Simulation of the incoherent interaction between two bright spatial photorefractive screening solitons in one and two dimensions. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 37, 3409 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Aitchison J.S., Weiner A.M., Silberberg Y., Leaird D.E., Oliver M.K., Jackel J.L., Smith P.W.E.: Experimental observation of spatial soliton interactions. Opt. Lett. 16, 15 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen Zh., Segev M., Coskun T.H., Christodoulides D.N.: Observation of incoherently coupled photorefractive spatial soliton pairs. Opt. Lett. 21, 1436 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Keqing L., Yanpeng Zh., Tiantong T., Bo L.: Incoherently coupled steady-state soliton pairs in biased photorefractive–photovoltaic materials. Phys. Rev. E 64, 056603-1 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Christodoulides D.N., Singh S.R., Carvalho M.I., Segev M.: Incoherently coupled soliton pairs in biased photorefractive crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett 68, 1763 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Konar S., Jana S., Shwetanshumala S.: Incoherently coupled screening photovoltaic spatial solitons in biased photovoltaic photorefractive crystals. Opt. Commun. 273, 324 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lu K., Miao Ch., Lu P., Wei J., Zhang Y., Xu Y.J.: Dark incoherent soliton splitting in biased photorefractive–photovoltaic crystals. Opt. Commun. 282, 3335 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Asif N., Konar S., Shwetanshumala S.: Photovoltaic spatial solitons pairs in two-photon photorefractive materials. Phys. Lett. A 372, 735 (2008)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Segev M., Bashaw M.C., Fejer M.M., Valley G.C., Taya M.: Photovoltaic spatial solitons. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1772 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu J., Hou Z.: Evolution of separate screening soliton pairs in a biased series photorefractive crystal circuit. Phys. Rev. E 65, 066601-1 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jingson L., Keqing L.: Screening-photovoltaic solitons in a biased photovoltaic-photorefractive crystals and their self-deflection. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 550 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Boyd R.W.: Nonlinear Optics. Academic Press, London (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Castro-Camus E., Magana L.F.: Prediction of the physical response for the two-photon photorefractive effect. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 28, 1129 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lu K., Zhao W., Yang Y., Zhang M., Rupp R.A., Fally M., Zhang Y., Xu J.: One-dimensional incoherently coupled grey solitons in two-photon photorefractive media. Appl. Phys. B 87, 469 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kip D., Wesner M., Herden C., Shandarov V.: Interaction of spatial photorefractive solitons in a planar waveguide. Appl. Phys. B 68, 971 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Królikowski W., Saffman M., Luther Davies B., Denz C.: Anomalous interaction of spatial solitons in photorefractive media. Phys. Rev. Lett 80, 3240 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Guangyong Zh., Jinsong L., Cheng W., Huilan Zh., Shixiong L.: Effect of the dark soliton crystal temperature on the deflection of the bright soliton in a separate bright–dark screening soliton pair. Optik 119, 303–308 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhang G., Han Y., Lv T., Zheng A., Du Q.: The temperature properties of spatial optical solitons in biased photorefractive crystal. Opt. Laser Technol. 41, 596–600 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kròlikowski W., Akhmediev N., Luther-Davies B., Cronin-Golomb M.: Self-bending photorefractive solitons. Phys. Rev. E 54, 5761–5765 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Carvalho M.I., Christodoulides D.N., Singh S.R.: Self-deflection of steady-state bright spatial solitons in biased photorefractive crystals. Opt. Commun. 120, 311–315 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Evans G., Blackledge J., Yardley P.: Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equation. Springer, Berlin (2000)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  34. Saleh B.E.A., Teich M.C.: Fundamental of Photonics. Wiley, (2007)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ghahraman Solookinejad.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abbasi, Z., Keshavarz, A., Hatami, M. et al. Incoherent Interaction Between Bright–Bright Photovoltaic Soliton in an Unbiased Series Two-Photon Photorefractive Crystal Circuit: Self-Deflection Investigation. Arab J Sci Eng 41, 325–332 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1767-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1767-x

Keywords

Navigation