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Momordica charantia phytoconstituents can inhibit human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infectivity in vitro and in vivo

  • SI: HTLV-1 Revisited
  • Published:
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Abstract

There is an urgent need to find an effective therapy for life-threatening HTLV-1-associated diseases. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is considered a traditional herb with antiviral and anticancer properties and was tested in this study on HTLV-1 infectivity. GC–MS analyzed the alcoholic extract. In vitro assay was carried out using transfection of HUVEC cells by HTLV-1-MT2 cell line. The cells were exposed to alcoholic and aqueous extracts at 5,10, and 20 µg/mL concentrations. In vivo, mice were divided into four groups. Three groups were treated with HTLV-1-MT-2 cells as test groups and positive control, and PBS as the negative control group in the presence and absence of M. charantia extracts. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and splenocytes were collected for HTLV-1-proviral load (PVL) assessment, TaqMan-qPCR. The GC–MS analysis revealed 36 components in M. charantia. The studies showed significant reductions in HTLV-1-PVL in the presence of extract in the HUVEC-treated groups (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of extracts on HTLV-1 infected mice showed significant differences in HTLV-1-PVL among M. charantia treated groups with untreated (P = 0.001). The T-cells in MLNs were significantly more susceptible to HTLV-1 than others (P = 0.001). There were significant differences among HTLV-1-infected cells in MLNs and splenocytes (P = 0.001 and 0.046, respectively). Also, aqueous and alcoholic extract-treated groups significantly affected HTLV-1-infected PBMCs (P = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively). M. charantia may have effective antiviral properties. The substantial compound of M. charantia could have inhibitory effects on the proliferation and transmission of HTLV-1 oncovirus.

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All data supporting this study’s findings are included in the manuscript and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The results described in this paper were part of the student thesis. This study was subjected to a PhD thesis in Medical Immunology by Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezedasht. The authors greatly thank the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of ACECR-Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, for financially supporting the present study.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, under Grant (MUMS 971409) and the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of ACECR-Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, under Grant (ACECR 3089–20).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Azadi-Square, Ferdowsi University Campus, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, 9177949367, Iran

    Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht, Raheleh Miri & Arman Mosavat

  2. Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht & Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee

  3. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran

    Hamid Reza Bidkhori

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Arezoo Baghban

  5. Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, 9177948564, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee

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  1. Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
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Contributions

SAR: planned, data analysed, supervised, revised, and finalised the manuscript. SAG, AM, AB and RM: performed the experiments and manuscript drafting. HRB and AM: research advisors and preparing experimental facilities and kits. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Arman Mosavat or Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee.

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The animal experiments were reviewed and approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUMS.REC.971409). All methods were performed following relevant guidelines and regulations. All surgery was performed under sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimise suffering.

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Ahmadi Ghezeldasht, S., Bidkhori, H., Miri, R. et al. Momordica charantia phytoconstituents can inhibit human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infectivity in vitro and in vivo. J. Neurovirol. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-023-01160-0

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