Abstract
A numerical study is performed to examine the effect of introducing a swirling desolvation gas flow on the flow transport characteristics in an electrospray and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) system. An ion source having three coaxial tubes is considered: (1) an inner capillary tube to inject the liquid sample, (2) a center coaxial tube to provide a room temperature gas flow to nebulize the liquid, referred to as the nebulizing gas flow, and (3) an outer coaxial tube having a converging exit to supply a high temperature gas for droplet desolvation, referred to as the desolvation gas flow. The results show that a swirling desolvation gas flow reduces the dispersion of the nebulizing gas and suppresses turbulent diffusion. The effect of swirling desolvation flow on the trajectory of a range of droplet sizes emitted from a source is also considered.
ᅟ
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wang, R., Allmendinger, P., Zhu, L., Gröhn, A.J., Wegner, K., Frankevich, V., Zenobi, R.: The role of nebulizer as flow in electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI). J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 22, 1234–1241 (2011)
Kebarle, P., Tang, L.: From ions in solution to ions in the gas phase (the mechanism on electrospray mass spectrometry). Report. Anal. Chem. 65(22), 972–986 (1993)
Schumaker, A., Driscoll, S., James, F.: Mixing properties of coaxial jets with large velocity ratios and large inverse density ratios. Phys. Fluids 24, 055101 (2012)
Saiki, Y., Suzuki,Y., Kasagi, N.: Active control of swirling coaxial jet mixing with manipulation of large-scale vortical structures. In: Hanjalić, K., Nagano, Y., Jakirlić, S. (Eds.), Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer 6, pp. 1–12, Begell House, Inc., Danbury (2009)
Gupta, A.K., Lilley, D.G., Syred, N.: Swirl flows, p. 475. Abacus Press, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England (1984)
Ribeiro, M.M., Whitelaw, J.H.: Coaxial jets with and without swirl. J. Fluid Mech. 96(4), 769–795 (1980)
Heitor, M.V., Moireira, A.L.N.: On the analysis of turbulent transport processes in nonreacting multijet burner flows. Exp. Fluids 13, 179–189 (1992)
Garcia-Villalba, M., Fröhlich, J.: LES of a free annual swirling jet—dependence of coherent structures on a pilot jet and the level of swirl. Int J. Heat Fluid Flow 27, 911–923 (2006)
Al-Abdeli, Y.M., Masri, A.R.: Recirculation and flow field regimes of unconfined non-reacting swirling flows. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 27, 655–665 (2003)
Yang, Y., Kær, S.K., Yin, C.: Large eddy simulation of Sydney swirl non-reaction jets. Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ECCOMAS CFD, Periera, J.C.F., Sequeira, A. (Eds.) pp. 2–9, Lisbon, Portugal, June 14–17 (2010).
Apte, S.V., Mahesh, K., Moin, P., Oefelein, J.C.: Large-eddy simulation of swirling particle-laden flows in a coaxial jet combustor. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 29, 1311–1331 (2003)
So, R.M.C., Ahmed, S.A., Mongia, H.C.: Jet characteristics in confined swirling flow. Exp. Fluids 3, 221–230 (1985)
Fokke, M., Liem, T., Derksen J., Van den Akker, H.: LDA and LIF experiments on the quasi-periodic and complex flow in cyclone. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, pp. 16.4.1–16.4.6, Lisbon, Portugal, July 11–14 (1994).
Vladimirov, V.A., Lugovtsov, B.A., Tarasov, V.F.: Suppression of turbulence in the cores of concentrated vortices. J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys. 21(5), 632–637 (1980)
Vladimirov, V.A., Tarasov, V.F.: Structure of turbulence near the core of vortex ring. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 245(6), 1325–1328 (1979).
Imao, S., Itoh, M., Harada, T.: Turbulent characteristics of the flow in an axially rotating pipe. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 17, 444–451 (1996)
Savtchenko, S.: Developing of disturbances in swirl flows of incompressible fluid. Ph.D. Thesis, Tomsk State University (2002).
Bradshow, P.: The analogy between streamline curvature and buoyancy in turbulent shear flow. J. Fluid Mech. 36, 177–191 (1969).
Cotel, A., Breidenthal, R.: Turbulence inside a vortex. Phys. Fluids 11(10), 3026–3029 (1999)
ANSYS, Inc. 3255 Kifer Road, Santa Clara, CA 95051, U.S.A.
Yakhot, V., Orszag, S.A.: Renormalization-group analysis of turbulence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 57(14), 1722–1724 (1986)
Secchiaroli, A., Ricci, R., Montelpare, S., D'Alessandro, V.: Numerical simulation of turbulent flow in a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 52, 5496–5511 (2009)
Jawarneh, A.M., Tlilan, H., Al-Shyyab, A., Ababneh, A.: Strongly swirling flows in a cylindrical separator. Minerals Eng. 21(5), 366–372 (2008)
Karagoz, I.: Kaya, F: CFD investigation of the flow and heat transfer characteristics in a tangential inlet cyclone. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 34, 1119–1126 (2007)
Escue, A., Cui. J.: Numerical investigation of swirling pipe flows. In: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Fluids Engineering Division (Publication) FED. Chicago, IL. (2006).
Fernandez de la Mora, J., Rossel-Liompart, J.: Control of the initial droplet diameter and change in electrosprays, and its use for ion production. Proceeding of the ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Applied Topics; pp. 441–442, Nashville, TN, 19–24 May (1991)
Acknowledgment
The authors acknowledge support for this research by the Ontario Centre of Excellence (OCE), IONICS Mass Spectrometry Group Inc.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Savtchenko, S., Ashgriz, N., Jolliffe, C. et al. Effect of Swirling Desolvation Gas Flow in an Atmospheric Pressure Ion Source. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 25, 1549–1556 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-014-0933-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-014-0933-9