Abstract
Hatching behaviors of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and the Bombay locust Nomadacris succincta (Johannson 1763) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) were observed to analyze the mechanisms controlling the hatching time and synchrony. At a 12-h thermoperiod of 25 °C and 30 °C under continuous illumination, most eggs hatched during the low temperature period in the desert locust, and the proportion of such individuals was lower in eggs kept in a mass than in those kept singly. In the Bombay locust, most eggs hatched during the high temperature period; however, the inter-pod variation was large. Both locusts hatched earlier with increasing the egg mass size in a range from 2 to 10 or 20 with similar hatching intervals. Desert locust eggs from different pods advanced the hatching but did not delay it to synchronize the hatching. In contrast, Bombay locust eggs advanced or delayed hatching depending on the age of the paired egg. The results suggested the presence of embryo–embryo interactions. In both locusts, a vibrational stimulus that was emitted by the embryo and transmitted via a piece of wire was likely to be responsible for synchronized hatching. The hatching patters of these species were compared with those reported previously for other taxa.
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Acknowledgements
I thank Mr. S. Enoki (Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan) for assistance with rearing the locusts. Thanks are also due to Dr. T. Kayukawa (Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO) for valuable suggestions and cooperation with experiments. Mr. M. Aizawa (Agrisupport Minami-Daito Co., Okinawa, Japan) sent me Bombay locusts and Ms. W. Kakazu (Okinawa Prefectural Experimental Station) sent me sugarcane leaves. The two reviewers improved the manuscript greatly.
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13355_2020_702_MOESM1_ESM.tiff
Hatching activities of Bombay locust eggs exposed to a thermocycle of 23 and 27 °C under continuous illumination > two days before hatching. Eggs were kept in a mass of 20 or singly in sand pits without sand cover. Initial numbers = 20 eggs each. The proportions of eggs hatching during the low and high temperature periods are significantly different from unity by the χ2–test at the 5% level in (b) but not in (a) (TIFF 8145 kb)
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Tanaka, S. A comparison of the mechanisms controlling the hatching time and synchrony of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria and the Bombay locust Nomadacris succincta (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Appl Entomol Zool 56, 9–18 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-020-00702-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-020-00702-w