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Detection of volatile pheromone candidates from the white-spotted longicorn beetle, Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

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Abstract

Anoplophora malasiaca (Thomson) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest that affects various crop trees and landscapes in Japan. We collected and analyzed volatiles from male and female A. malasiaca. 4-(n-Heptyloxy)butan-1-ol and its aldehyde, pheromone components in A. glabripennis and A. chinensis, were detected in the male volatile extracts and nonanal both in the male and female volatile extracts. Nonanal was absent from the extracts of twigs of the willow host plant. Gas chromatograph-electroantennographic responses showed that nonanal and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol elicited responses from both male and female antennae, but 4-(n-heptyloxy)butanal did not. Volatiles of eight artificially reared males, analyzed every 3 or 4 days for 60 days from adult emergence showed that they all produced nonanal and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol. The two compounds produced no short-range female attraction but in males, the short-range attraction to nonanal was dose dependent and significant in a higher dose, but did not depend on 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol. When wounded willow twigs were added to nonanal and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol, the frequency of male responses was higher than in all other treatments, but the same as wounded willow twigs alone. The wounded host plant willow twigs might thus be enough for male attraction. The identified volatiles from the beetles in the present study might have a weaker function for attraction from the distance compared to their host plant volatiles.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Jocelyn G Millar of University of California Riverside for kindly providing synthetic 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol and offering valuable advice on our experiments. We thank Yuta Goto and Akira Tamanoi of Oita Prefectural Fruit Tree Research Institute for providing the citrus twigs, Takashi Noda of Japan Plant Protection Association for collecting the insects. We also thank Ikuko Hashimoto, Masako Higuchi, and Yukiko Tsushima of NARO for assistance with the behavioral assays and insect rearing. This project was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (17K07686) and a Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research (16K14867) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. We thank Elizabeth Kelly, MSc, Mallory Eckstut, PhD, and Philip Creed, PhD from Edanz Group (www.edanzediting.com/ac) for editing drafts of this manuscript.

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  1. Hiroe Yasui, Nao Fujiwara-Tsujii and Tetsuya Yasuda contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8666, Ibaraki, Japan

    Hiroe Yasui, Nao Fujiwara-Tsujii & Tetsuya Yasuda

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  1. Hiroe Yasui
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Correspondence to Hiroe Yasui.

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Yasui, H., Fujiwara-Tsujii, N. & Yasuda, T. Detection of volatile pheromone candidates from the white-spotted longicorn beetle, Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Appl Entomol Zool 54, 203–211 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-019-00614-4

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