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Spatio-temporal variation of strawberry aphid populations and their parasitoids

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Abstract

Aphids are common herbivores in the strawberry crop that can reduce plant vigor and fruit quality and also transmit viruses. Aphid species prefer diverse plant organs, which represent particular habitats of different quality for aphids and for the development of natural enemies’ populations. Different habitat units (young leaves, mature leaves, buds, flowers) of strawberry were sampled fortnightly during all seasons. We identified seven aphid species, namely Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Aphis gossypii, and Macrosiphum euphorbiae, the most abundant. During the autumn, C. fragaefolli and M. euphorbiae were scarce and A. gossypii was denser on mature leaves, while during summer M. euphorbiae was absent. During the winter, C. fragaefolii predominated on buds and young leaves, A. gossypii on flowers, and both species on mature leaves. During the spring, C. fragaefolii was even more abundant on buds, A. gossypii predominated on mature leaves, and the three species were equally abundant on flowers and young leaves. Parasitoids emerged from A. gossypii, M. euphorbiae and Myzus persicae, but not from C. fragaefolii. Three Aphidius and two Aphelinus species were recovered. All primary parasitoid species emerged from A. gossypii, and secondary parasitoids emerged only from this aphid. Aphis gossypii parasitism on mature leaves was markedly higher in winter and summer than in autumn and spring. Parasitism of A. gossypii was independent of its density, and the number of parasitized aphids was never higher than six. Our results contribute to define the most appropriate sample unit to estimate aphid density of different species and provide information about seasonal natural parasitism.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica de Argentina (the National Agency for Promotion of Science and Technology of Argentina), Grant PICT 2012–1624, Grant PICT 2015-1427 and the Programa de Incentivos a Docentes-Investigadores del Ministerio de Cultura y Educación de la Nación de Argentina (Program of Incentives for Professors-Researchers of the National Ministry of Culture and Education of Argentina) grant 11/N712. We would like to thank Graciela Minardi for the statistical analyses, and Francisco Rubén La Rossa, Albano Giudici and Juan José Martínez for species identity confirmation.

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  1. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, CONICET, Boulevard 120 e/60 y 64, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina

    María F. Cingolani & Nancy Greco

  2. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de La Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Nancy Greco

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  1. María F. Cingolani
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Correspondence to Nancy Greco.

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Cingolani, M.F., Greco, N. Spatio-temporal variation of strawberry aphid populations and their parasitoids. Appl Entomol Zool 53, 205–214 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-018-0544-1

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