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What controls early or late onset of tropical North Atlantic hurricane season?

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Abstract

The occurrence of first hurricane in early summer signifies the onset of an active Atlantic hurricane season. The interannual variation of this hurricane onset date is examined for the period 1979-2013. It is found that the onset date has a marked interannual variation. The standard deviation of the interannual variation of the onset day is 17.5 days, with the climatological mean onset happening on July 23.

A diagnosis of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis potential index (GPI) indicates that the major difference between an early and a late onset group lies in the maximum potential intensity (MPI). A further diagnosis of the MPI shows that it is primarily controlled by the local SST anomaly (SSTA). Besides the SSTA, vertical shear and mid-tropospheric relative humidity anomalies also contribute significantly to the GPI difference between the early and late onset groups.

It is found that the anomalous warm (cold) SST over the tropical Atlantic, while uncorrelated with the Niño3 index, persists from the preceding winter to concurrent summer in the early (late) onset group. The net surface heat flux anomaly always tends to damp the SSTA, which suggests that ocean dynamics may play a role in maintaining the SSTA in the tropical Atlantic. The SSTA pattern with a maximum center in northeastern tropical Atlantic appears responsible for generating the observed wind and moisture anomalies over the main TC development region. A further study is needed to understand the initiation mechanism of the SSTA in the Atlantic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Heng Zuo  (左恒), Tim Li  (李天明) & Jia Liu  (刘佳)

  2. International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA

    Tim Li  (李天明)

  3. Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, 93943, USA

    Melinda Peng

Authors
  1. Heng Zuo  (左恒)
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  2. Tim Li  (李天明)
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  3. Jia Liu  (刘佳)
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  4. Melinda Peng
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tim Li  (李天明).

Additional information

Supported by the National (Key) Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China (2015CB453200), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41475084), ONR Grant (N00014-16-12260), NRL Grant (N00173-13-1-G902), Jiangsu Natural Science Key Project (BK20150062), Jiangsu Shuang-Chuang Team (R2014SCT001), Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province (14KJB170015), the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST (2013x018), and Civil Aviation Center Program (KDQC1302). The International Pacific Research Center is partially sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). This is SOEST contribution number 9619, IPRC contribution number 1186, and ESMC number 103.

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Zuo, H., Li, T., Liu, J. et al. What controls early or late onset of tropical North Atlantic hurricane season?. J Meteorol Res 30, 298–311 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-016-5119-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-016-5119-x

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