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Outcomes of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: a single center experience

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Abstract

Malignancy, bone marrow and organ transplantation are associated with deficient and defective immune systems. Immunocompromised patients are at risk for severe and chronic complication of COVID-19 infection. However, the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of this comorbidity remain to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to describe key aspects of COVID-19 infection in immunocompromised patients. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, lab findings and outcomes of 418 COVID-19 patients with secondary immunodeficiency disorders admitted to Taleghani Hospital in Tehran, from March 2020 to September 2022 were investigated. Of the 418 immunocompromised patients with COVID-19, 236 (56.5%) ‌ were male and the median age of all studied patients was 56.6 ± 16.4 with range of 14 to 92 years. Totally, 198 (47.4%) of the patients died during hospitalization. Remdesivir was used for treatment of all patients. Mortality rate among patients admitted to ICU ward (86.8%) was significantly higher than non ICU admission (p < 0.001). The death rate in patients with CKD was substantially higher than other underlying disease (p < 0.001). In terms of laboratory finding, there was a significant relationship between ICU admission and worse outcome with WBC count (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1. 46–2.59, p < 0.001), PMN count (HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.452.56, p < 0.001), Hb (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.042.13, p = 0.028), AST (HR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.913.41, p < 0.001), BUN (HR = 2.56, 95% CI = 2.063.69, p < 0.001), Cr (HR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.89–3.64, p < 0.001), Comorbidities index (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.29–2.27, p < 0.001) and aging (HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.4–2.54, p < 0.001). Immunocompromised status increased the risk of mortality or worse outcome in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Our finding showed outcome predicting markers in whom the waned immune system encounter new emerging disease and improved our understanding of COVID-19 virus behavior in immunocompromised individuals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Tehran, Iran

    Masoud Mardani

  2. Ardabil University of medical science, Ardabil, Iran

    Jafar Mohammadshahi & Roghayeh Teimourpour

  3. Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran

    Jafar Mohammadshahi

  4. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran

    Roghayeh Teimourpour

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  1. Masoud Mardani
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Correspondence to Jafar Mohammadshahi or Roghayeh Teimourpour.

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Mardani, M., Mohammadshahi, J. & Teimourpour, R. Outcomes of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: a single center experience. VirusDis. 34, 373–382 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-023-00832-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-023-00832-z

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